Practical Experiences in the Preparation of Food for StocJc. 459 
[For Schedule of Questions, see page 448.] 
Mr. Sanders Spencer, St. Ives, Hunts. 
3. Yes ; chaffed, and mixed with a very few pulped roots, cotton-cake 
and cocoanut meals. 
4. For the cattle the litter from the piggeries is used. 
5. Yes. 
6. A portion chaffed with the straw, the remainder given long. 
7. A considerable saving in quantity used, and greatly increased facility 
in the admixture of other foods. 
8. Principally foreign products, including foreign grain. 
10. Horses : oats and maize. Dairy stock : roots, cotton-cake, and cocoa- 
nut meals, mixed with hay and straw chaff. Pigs : bran, sharps, English 
and foreign wheat and barley (ground), beans, maize, cocoanut meal, cotton- 
cake meal, roots, green clover and lucerne, growing grass, &c. 
14, 1 have only attempted with pigs. 
17. None : but a considerable loss. 
18. Not for pigs. 
19. I have found the mixing of the pigs' food with warm in place of 
cold water result in great benefit, especially with young pigs and sows 
suckling. 
Mr. Egbert Turnbull, The Mount, Wolverhampton. 
8. Yes. Oat-straw and hay are chaffed and mixed with pulped swedes. 
Barley-straw is sold to mattress-makers unless it contains a good proportion 
of clover. Barley-straw is never given to cows in milk, as it tends to ' dry ' 
them. Barley-straw may with advantage be given to cows that are difficult 
to 'dry,' but it should be chaffed and mixed with hay-chaff and a little 
boiled linseed. Cattle largely fed on oat-straw are usually afflicted with lice. 
4. When straw is not plentiful the horse-manure and bedding is spread 
daily on the meadows, and the straw, after a drying wind, is raked up, and 
is used for bedding young stock. The oftener straw is dried the further it 
goes as bedding. When straw is dear the cows have sparred floors— 1^ x 3J 
spars resting on 4 x 5| supports. In-calf cows and cows in milk are always 
liberally bedded, however dear straw may be. When sparred floors are used 
the bedding goes as far again, and the cows are much more easily kept clean 
than when they stand on a flagged or boarded floor bedded in the usual way. 
6. Yes, to some extent to cows in milk and for feeding cattle. In-calf 
cows and heifers and young stock get long oat-straw at night and for the 
first foddering in the morning. The rough leavings are used for bedding. 
Wheat-straw is always chaffed for cattle. It is a good plan to chaff wheat- 
straw a few months before it is required, and to mix 1 cwt. of pulped roots 
with 1 ton of straw. Green clover may be mixed with the first thrashings 
of straw in the autumn — a thick layer of straw and a thin layer of clover. 
The clover improves the flavour of the straw. 
6. For cows in milk, two-thirds hay and one-third oat-straw are chaffed 
and mixed with pulped roots when roots are plentiful, otherwise with boiled 
linseed, crushed oats, and Indian corn, for all fodderings except the first in 
the morning and the last at night, when the best long hay is given. Cows 
are liable to lose their cud unless they get at least one foddering a day of 
long hay. When hay and straw are good in quality, neither are chaffed for 
young stock or in-calf cows and heifers, unless roots are scarce, in which 
case straw and hay are chopped and mixed with roots for two fodderings. 
7. Cows with defective teeth, and young stock when they are getting 
their teeth, eat chaffed food more readily than long hay and straw. W^hen 
