472 Practical Experiences in the Preparation of Food for Stoch. 
[For Schedule of Questions, see page 448.] 
Mr. Gilbert Murray — continued. 
cooked during the winter months to satisf}^ the requirements of 40 head of 
cattle and horses with a 25-gallon pan. J, the fire for heating the pan, which 
is set with a flue all round. This insures the greatest economy from the 
quantity of fuel used. 
17. It is a mistake to suppose that the food is rendered more nutritive by 
cooking. Nevertheless there is considerable economy, as the food is more 
easily digested. The waste, both of flesh-formers and heat and fat producers, 
is lessened. In the case of ruminants, coarse food has frequently to be re- 
masticated three or four times before it becomes in a fit state to pass to the 
second stomach, and the secretion of saUva cannot be efi"ected without a 
certain expenditure of food. 
18. I have successfully used cooked food for every descriptioh of farm- 
stock, more particularly for dairy cows. Cooked food, when given in a moist 
or semi-liquid state, takes the place of roots or brewers' grains, and produces 
the same result at a greatly reduced cost. 
19. In the case of winter dairying the flow of milk is increased, and a 
certain economy of food efiected, by giving the food at a temperature of 60" 
to 70° Fahrenheit. 
Mr. William Janes, Hunter's Farm, Leavesden, Watford, Herts. 
3. Yes. 
4. I use for litter the refuse of straw and such as is not sweet and good 
enough for feeding. 
5. Yes ; cut with one-third hay. 
6. Principally chafled, but a proportion unchafFed, for both beast and sheep. 
7. Both cattle and sheep eat them better in chaft' without waste. 
8. Linseed and cotton-cake, with meal made from thin barley unfit for 
malting, ground with a mixture of lentils or Indian peas. 
9. (a) Equal quantities. (6) Sheep, 1 lb. per day ; beasts, 2 years old, 
7 lbs. per day. (c) Morning and night. 
10. Horses: straw, chafl', and oats and maize. Dairy stock: linseed 
and cotton-cake, grains, and chaff. Fat beasts : linseed and cotton-cake, 
meal, chaff and hay, and roots. Ftces : grass, mixed chaff", and oats. Fat 
sheep : linseed and cotton-cake, chaff, hay and turnips. Pigs : barley and 
pea-meal, and whole peas. 
11. Beasts in summer have some linseed and cotton-cake in boxes in the 
fields— one to each animal. Beasts in winter are in yards, or tied up in 
sheds. Sheep in winter are on turnip land, and have cake, chaff, and hay 
night and morning. 
12. I use brewers' grains fetched direct from the brewery twice each week. 
13. Both cattle and sheep do better with a mixed food, eating it better, 
and not getting sick or cloyed, as they will by feeding them altogether on 
one kind of food. 
14. I boil linseed, and pour it whilst hot over the straw and hay chaff, 
and let it remain one day before using. 
16. Linseed or refuse small wheat, or any kind of offal seed. 
16. I simply boil mine in a copper about four hours, but farmers who 
have a steam-engine can steam their chaff in a closed bin cheaper and with 
less trouble. 
17. All the stock eat it well, hut at present prices it does not pay. 
18. For feeding or dairy stock. Calves, ewes, and lambs — in fapt, e,U 
utock — like it, 
