Fndt Evaporation in America. 
489 
extent of this new industry, 1,500 evaporators were at work 
in the neighbourhood of Rochester during the year 1887, 
and some 150 more were started during 1888. These range 
in capacity from 25 to 1,000 bushels of apples per day. The 
1,500 Evaporators in question gave employment, during the 
autumn and winter of 1887, to 30,000 hands, who earned from 
5 to 12 dollars each per week, according to skill and experience. 
The total quantity of dried apples produced was about 30 million 
pounds, and their value two million dollars. Five million bushels, 
or 250 million pounds of green apples, were required for this 
purpose, from which more than 200,000 tons of water were 
driven off by the consumption of 15,000 tons of coal. 
The product finds a market all over the world, but the chief 
consuming countries are Germany, England, Belgium, Holland, 
and France. Evaporated apples are packed in cases each con- 
taining 50 lbs., and the cost of carriage per case to Liverpool is 
30 cents, or Is. 3d. The same quantity of green fruit sent in 
barrels would cost ^^2.50, or 10s., and canned fruit ^^2.10, or 
8s. 9d. In the case of evaporated fruit no damage is done, even 
by the longest transit, while fresh fruit suffers enormously, and 
canned fruit is always liable to ferment. 
The refuse of the apples, consisting of cores and parings, is 
not lost, for these also are dried, and form the basis of all the 
cheap jellies now so largely manufactured. Twelve millions of 
pounds of dried cores and parings w ere exported from America 
during the year in question. Sliced apples, dried without coring 
or paring, are exported in large quantities to France, where they 
are used in the production of the cheaper wines, and, sometimes, 
by the distiller. Eighteen thousand barrels, containing four mil- 
lion pounds of sliced apples, were sent to France during 1887, and 
of this quantity more than half was furnished by the Rochester 
Evaporators. The dried apples of Western New York can now 
be bought in almost every town on the continent of Europe, 
while an increasing demand for them is springing up even in 
such remote parts of the world as Australia and Western Africa. 
Passing from the general to the particular, it may, in the 
first place, be remarked that the practice at Rochester is to dry 
not only apples, but peaches, plums, and raspberries. 
Ch-een Apples are bought, in average years, at from fifteen 
to twenty cents (7^d. to lOd.) per bushel of 50 lbs. The actual 
cost of drying averages from twelve to fifteen cents (6d. to 7^cZ.) 
per bushel. The total cost of the dried product is from six to 
ten cents (Sd. to 5d.) per lb., and the average selling price seven 
to twelve cents (S^d. to 6d.) per lb. One bushel of green apples 
produces about G lbs. of dried apples. The best apples are 
