NoWngJiamshire and Lincolnshire in 1888 : Chitui 1. 535 
quantity at consuming value, are apparently the main causes of 
the excess in Notts. No doubt such charges have always a 
great tendency to increase unless strenuously resisted by the 
valuers in combination. The principle is good beyond dispute, 
and when reasonably and moderately worked has everywhere 
produced the best possible results. The only wonder is that 
the just claims of the tenant to proper security of his capital 
should have been so long resisted or unprovided for elsewhere. 
Game does not as a rule appear to be extensively or inju- 
riously preserved in either Lincoln or Notts, yet clearly on two 
at least of the competing farms serious damage was done to the 
property of excellent tenants by the depredations of the land- 
lord's hares. It seems not a little surprising that tenants 
should, at any rate in such times as the present, lack the 
courage to take advantage of an Act of Parliament passed 
expressly to meet their needs. 
Another source of great injury to more than one competitor, 
as well as to a large proportion of Notts farmers, is the aston- 
ishing quantity of beech and other trees in the hedges. Of 
little intrinsic value themselves, their untrimmed ai'ms hang in 
many places for yards over the crops, almost bending to the ears 
of the wheat, and destroying infinitely more than they are worth. 
Very little indeed could possibly grow under them, and one 
tenant stated that the little barley there was could not ripen 
to match the rest of the sample, and when cut had to be taken 
from under the trees before it would dry, and afterwards carried 
by itself. Destruction to the beauty of the countryside was 
always, it was said, the excuse pleaded by the owners of the 
trees, and there may be an amount of justification for the con- 
tention ; but it seems, to say the least of it, unfortunate that 
the great cost of preserving the beautiful in English land- 
scapes should fall upon one comparatively impecunious class of 
the whole community. 
The plan of pulping the roots and mixing with straw chaff 
for the beasts is pretty well universal, each farmstead, or set of 
premises if there is more than one on the farm, having its fixed 
or portable engine for this, for grinding and for other pur- 
poses. The cost of motive power is small, coals being so cheap. 
Liming the fallows is very generally practised, and is usually 
found a complete remedy for " anbury " in turnips. Oats are 
much substituted for wheat in some districts. 
The Duke of Portland is to Nottinghamshire what the Earl 
of Yarborough is to Lincolushu-e, and the water meadows at 
AVelbeck are one of the great show places of the county to 
agriculturists. The hard-worked Judges, however, were not so 
