8 Jethro Tull : his Life, Times, and Teaching. 
college Don, recommends (1721) a cross between the Barb 
horse and the English mare : the horsey Don distinctly loved a 
shapely and bright bay with black points. He wrote the first 
systematic book on the animals of the farm. Poultry, however, 
are not mentioned. Edward Lawrence, land surveyor, 1726, 
is worthy of honourable mention. He was an enlightened man, 
and contributed materially to the advancement of agriculture ; 
his condensed style marks a new era. His cash and rental 
books, in form, are good to our day. Turnips, well hoed and 
cleaned, grea1?ly improve the land, and should be fed off on tbe 
land by sheep. Vetches, both summer and winter, are great 
improvers. He suggests — clover seed, 12 lbs. per acre; rye- 
grass, 13 bushels per acre; sainfoin, 4 bushels per acre; 
lucerne, 14 lbs. per acre ; lentils, tares, and buckwheat. 
Brigadier Mackintosh wrote in 1730. He was an educated 
man, of sound and comprehensive views. Lord Cathcart, in his 
diary, mentions the Brigadier having visited him in Edinburgh 
Castle on the agi-icultural business of the Society of Scotch 
Improvers. 
This hasty and imperfect retrospect may, to some extent, 
serve to illustrate the general law of continuous evolution, with 
constantly accelerated velocity, and to indicate more particularly 
the gradual — the very slow and gi-adual — evolution, during the 
period in question, of the art of agriculture in its relation to 
science, and how that gradual evolution prepared the way for an 
original thinker and reformer — in short, for the advent of Jethro 
Tull. 
The pen of no mortal man could paint a wordy picture of 
the social, fiscal, and material condition of England at the 
Tullian era, as Hogarth with intense realism has painted to the 
life the men and women of all degrees, and the streets and 
places of London in which they lived and moved and had their 
being. To understand Tull perfectly and the men and women 
of his day, from the gi-eat gouty peer in his easy chair to the 
Grub Street scribbler and the beggar in the gutter, turn over 
carefully and mark, learn, and inwardly digest a collection of 
prints after Hogarth. 
Lord ^lacaulay's ' famous third chapter of the first volume of 
his History should be studied by the curious reader as comple- 
mentary to this biographical sketch, and as the finest and most 
graphic wordy picture, painted on the most extended canvas, of 
the then, and immediately preceding, state of England, at a 
period a long way antecedent to the time when the commercial 
' See also Mr. Lecky's Ilhtory of the Eiijhtecnth Century, vol. i. 
