92 
The Tubercle Bacillus. 
As examples of the non-oxygenous ptomaines, there are 
the following : — 
Parvoline, an oily liquid of an amber colour, obtained from 
putrid mackerel and horseflesh. 
Hijdro-collidine, prepared from the same sources. This 
substance is so highly poisonous that it was compared by Gautier 
to the venom of the cobra. 
CollitUne. Another highly poisonous substance, obtained 
from putrid gelatine and pancreas of a bullock. 
Neuridine, prepared from fish, flesh, and decaying cheese. 
CadMverine. obtained from ordinary putrefaction, from herring 
brine, and from pure cultivations of the common bacilli found 
by Koch in Asiatic cholera, and by Finkler in cholera nostras. 
Putrescine, from putrefaction. This substance and the 
two former are alike poisonous, and produce some of the sym- 
ptoms of cholera. 
Of oxygenous ptomaines, which in .some cases are found also 
in healthy tissues, the following may be mentioned : — 
Neurine, from putrefaction after death. 
Choline, from bile. 
Muscarine, from a poisonous mushroom (Agaricus muscaritis), 
and from putrid fish. All these are highly poisonous. 
Gadinine, from putrefying codfish. 
Mytilo-toxine, the active agent in cases of mussel-poisoning. 
Typhotoxine. A poison isolated from pure cultivations of 
the bacillus of typhoid fever. 
Tetanine, from cultivations' of the bacillus of tetanus. 
Meat poisoning, produced by the consumption of putrid 
sausages, hams, and poultiy, is attributable to the presence of 
poisonous animal alkaloids. 
But the poisonous substances of most interest to the bacte- 
riologist are those isolated from pure cultivations of the patho- 
genic or disease-producing bacteria, including alkaloids and 
albumoses or tox-albumins, such as cadaverine and jmtrescine 
from cultivations of Koch's common bacillus ; tuphoioxine ; 
tetanine ; an albumose and alkaloid from the anthrax bacillus ; 
and tahercidin from the tubercle bacillus. 
TUBERCULINE. 
At the International Medical Congi-ess at Berlin, August 
1890, Koch announced that he had discovered a substance which 
prevented the growth of tubercle bacilli, not only in tube culti- 
vations, but in the bodies of animals. On November 14 a further 
publication was made, describing the effects upon lupus, coi;-. 
