112 
Modern Bee-keepiruji 
agricultural instruction. The Home Office, in its relations 
to Reformatory and Industrial Schools, encourages a certain 
amount of instruction in manual agriculture. The Office 
of Works, in that it supplies funds for the Royal Botanic 
Gardens at Kew, where regular courses of instruction are 
given, assists agricultural education. We must, further, regard 
the County Councils as affi^rding support to agricultural edu- 
cation, because in every county the County Council has 
power to apply the new revenues derived from the additional 
Duties on Beer and Spirits, or a portion thereof, to agricultural 
purjDoses. Finally, there is the Board of Agriculture, which, 
during each of the last three years, has expended in Great 
Britain a sum not exceeding o.OOOL. in the form of subsidies to 
o 
various institutions supplying general agricultural and dairying 
instruction. 
The success of technical education in agriculture must be 
determined chiefly by the inherent capabilities of those to 
whom it is imparted. In other words, the profitable applica- 
tion of the results of technical training to the varied problems 
that day by day present themselves to the farmer, and call for 
prompt solution, must ultimately depend upon the individual. 
Probably the gravest mistake that can be made is for a young 
farmer, when he enters upon his first occupancy, to think that 
his education is finished. It has really only just begun. 
W. Fream. 
MODERN BEE-KEEPING. 
TuE occupation of Bee-keeping ranks amongst the oldest pur- 
suits, and in the days before the manufacture of sugar it was 
one of the most important industries, furnishing the principal 
sweet. Honey, and the chief illuminant, Bees' Wax. Yet there 
can be no doubt that, at the beginning of the present century, 
the culture of Bees had fallen to a very inferior state. Hence, 
it will be of interest to trace the causes that led to the rise and 
progress of what is now in all parts of the world a growing 
industry ; and one. moreover, which should always be intimately 
associated with the agricultural and fruit-growing interests. 
During the latter half of the eighteenth and the early part of 
the nineteenth centuries the spirit of improvement was at work, 
