the Attaclis of Insects and Ftingi. 
227 
ment and its successor the Board of Agriculture, have plainly set 
forth details of the chief crop pests, together with the best means 
of preventing or mitigating their evil effects. It is, however, 
considered desirable that a summary should be given of the 
remedies suggested for the principal insect and fungoid enemies, 
and the best formula? for their preparation, founded upon prac- 
tical experience of their use ; also that descriptions should be 
furnished of the machines and engines that have been proved to 
be useful in distributing the various prescribed substances upon 
plants and trees in the most regular and economical fashion. 
These prescriptions and the apparatus for employing them have 
been brought down to date. They are not yet by any means satis- 
factory or sufficient either from a scientific or a practical point of 
view. The science and practice of the treatment of plant dis- 
eases are still in their infancy, the subject having until lately 
been held to be of comparatively small moment and interest. 
Foreign modes of dealing with insects and fungi are also noted 
here as being in many respects in advance of those in this 
country, because the losses from these causes have been of a far 
more series nature. 
For convenience the subject is presented under four heads, 
viz.: — Corn Crops; Boot and Vegetable Crojis ; Fruit Crops; 
Hops; — under each of which the insecticides and fungicides found 
useful to combat some of the disorders peculiar to the respective 
crops are defined, and the best systems of applying them are 
indicated. 
CoRX, Grass, and Clover Crops. 
Unfortunately, many of the insects and fungi destructive to 
corn crops, from the nature and time of their attack, are not 
amenable to what maybe termed heroic treatment, or. direct 
applications of preventives and remedies. J''or illustration, the 
Hessian fly {Cecidomyia destructor), when once upon the w^heat 
and barley plants, cannot be reached. In like manner the corn 
sawfly (Ceplius pygmceus'), the ribbon-footed corn fly {Gldwops 
tceniopus), the wheat bulb fly' (Ilylemyia coarctata), the wheat 
midge (Cecidomyia tritici), and the corn thrips (Thrips cerealinm), 
when established, must be left to work their meeds of mischief. 
The same applies to fungi, as the smut (Ustilago segetum), and 
the rust (JJredo graminis), against which nothing has been 
attempted in this country when they are upon the corn plants, 
' This has caused considerable harm this season in several parts of the 
country, notably in Essex, Lincoln, and Hertford. Its injury appears to 
increase. 
