the Attacks of Insects and Fungi. 
231 
upon a stale furrow, and by rolling, &c. The best substances 
to apply as remedies are : — 
Lime, at the rate of from 10 to 20 bushels per acre, put on in the early 
morning when there is dew on the plants. 
Soot, at from 5 to 15 bushels, also put on early. 
Mr. Fisher Ilobbs's mixture of ^ bushel of gas lime, j bushel of qniclilime, 
3 lb. of sulphur, and 5 lb. of soot per acre, well mixed and put on in the 
early morning. 
Finely powdered dry guano is also valuable, at from 1 to 2 cwt. per 
acre, applied when there is dew. 
Pure paraffin oil, at from 1 to 3 gallons per acre, put on at any time ; 
or, better, paraffin with soft soap and water. 
All these applications must be increased in quantity per 
acre if they are put on by hand. An ordinary broad-casting 
machine will probably require quite the maximum quantity, or 
even more, in order to ensure the thorough dressing of each leaf. 
Each of these substances can be evenly spread over the 
plants by means of the Strawsonizer in the minimum quantities 
stated above, and will be more effectual than large quantities 
thrown on by hand or with old-fashioned machines. The object 
is to cover every leaf Avith fine powder or mist, and make it 
objectionable to the small beetles and their very minute larvse. 
By this machine, from 2 to 4 acres can be treated per hour. 
A very useful machine for distributing powdered substances 
was shown at a recent trial at Seveuoaks. It was adapted by 
Mr. T. Wood, of Swanley, Kent, being practically a hop 
sulphurator with the blast directed downwards instead ot up- 
wards. It may be used for root and corn crops before they are 
high, for straAvberries, and for bush fruit.' 
In Kent, Worcester, and Hereford, where hops and fruit 
are extensively grown, this machine, as shown by Fig. 26, adapted 
for sulphuring hops as well as for distributing powders for. fruit 
bushes, would be very convenient. 
Similar dressings may be adopted for the mustard beetle 
(Black Jack, Phcedon betvlce) to those used for the turnip beetle, 
though it must be said they are not alwaA's efficacious. 
For the mustard beetle the following is also serviceable : — 
5 lb. of soft soap well dissolved in warm water. 
The extract of 5 lb. of quas.-^ia chips, boiled. 
To 100 gallons of water. 
This should be put on lightly with the Strawsnni/er, 
Turnip aphides, cabbage aphides, the turnip sawfly, and 
other insects of similar habits can be checked materially by 
soft soap and quassia mixtures. These have been distributed by 
See Fig. 26 (p. 255). 
