232 
Methods of Preventing and Checking 
means of a large garden engine set upon liigli wheels, having a 
pair of hose with jets. This process is tedious, and will now be 
effected far better by the Strawsonizer. 
The comparatively new plague of the mangel wurzel crop, 
the mangel fly (^Anthomyia bet<e), has been affected in an im- 
portant degree by spraying the plants with a composition of 
1 gallon of paraffin oil mixed with 1 gallon of boiling water, in which 
A lb. of soft soap has been dissolved. This must be well stirred and diluted 
with at least 10 times its bulk of water. 
Or, for the Strawsonizer set to distribute the minimum 
amount of liquid, 
2 gallons of paraffin with 1 or 2 lb. of soft soap, to fix it well on the 
leaves, would suffice. 
Paraffin and soft soap compositions, and quassia and soft soap 
washes, have been tried with advantage to prevent and check 
the onion fly (Anthomyia ceparurii), the celen.- fly (Tephritis 
onopordinls), and the carrot fly (Psilu rosce, all of which are 
immensely destructive in market gardens and in ordinary 
gardens. These remedies may be put on with the Strawsonizer 
in large holdings, and 
with garden engines 
fitted with nozzles like 
the Riley, the helmet 
spray, the Climax, and 
the Stott nozzles (de- 
scribed later on) ; or 
with a '• Knapsack " 
machine, of which 
there are several pat- 
terns in ttse in the 
French vineyards. The 
best of these seems to 
be the Eclair (Fig. 3). 
The Eclair is about 
two feet high and con- 
sists of a copper re- 
servoir, or vessel, hold- 
ing 26 pints, made to 
fit on to the work- 
man's back, being fast- 
ened there with straps 
like a knapsack. A rod traverses the lower part of the re- 
servoir inside, being worked by a lever with the workman's 
