the Atlaclis of Insects and Fungi. 
241 
5 to 7 lb. of soft soap, 
6 to 8 lb. of quassia chips, 
To 100 gallons of water ; 
or 
5 to 7 lb. of soft soap, 
4 pints of carbolic acid (Calvert's No. 5), 
To 100 gallons of water. 
The same quantity of paraffin oil may be used instead of 
carbolic acid. 
Another wash is composed of 
6 to 7 lb. of soft soap, 
2 lb. of finely-ground bellebore, 
.3 pints of paraffin oil. 
To 100 gallons of water. 
In order to mix these washes, the soft soap must be dis- 
solved in a tub with hot water. The quassia chips should be 
boiled, and the extract put in another tub. When paraffin is 
used it must be well stirred in boiling water before it is put into 
cold water. The required quantities of soft soap, quassia extract, 
or paraffin are put into water-carts containing cold water, which 
are then driven to the scene of action. A small copper is re- 
quired, which can be set in a temporary shed, or even in the 
open, near where the washes are to be used. 
Arsenical Ixsecticides. 
Arsenical insecticides are employed most extensively iu the 
United States and Canada for the Colorado beetle, the cotton 
worm, the Codlin moth, the canker worm, and many other de- 
structive insects. They are recommended by Professors Riley 
and Lintner, and many other United States entomologists of 
high standing. They have been tried in England for two 
seasons, but not largely, as the fruit-growers are rather afraid 
of their poisonous qualities. 
Where they have been applied with care and thorough- 
ness the results have been decidedly satisfactory, but it must 
be borne in mind that if washes made with them are too strong 
they will burn up the foliage and blossoms ; therefore great care 
and accuracy are necessary in preparing them. 
Paris Green or Emerald Green (arsenite of copper) and 
London Purple (obtained in the manufacture of aniline dyes, 
and composed of lime and arsenious acid) are the chief arsenical 
compounds made use of in America and in this country. 
In America, according to Dr. Packard, " the efficacy of 
London Purple is established, and it is generally preferred 
because of its cheapness, better difjusibility and visibility on 
