the Attacks of Insects and Fungi. 
217 
to it is simple, and does not distribute the liquid sufficiently. 
It must be reiterated that, as a rule, the object in spraying is 
not to send a single volume of liquid upon the trees or plants, 
but a dense mist to cover every particle of foliage. This machine 
has power enough to spray ordinary fruit-trees. In the case of 
exceptionally high trees the men can stand upon ladders. This 
is a common practice in the United States. As this machine is 
about 2 feet wide, it can be worked in plantations where the 
fruit- bushes are at least 5 feet apart. 
The principle of the next size machine is the same, but it 
is much larger, holding 100 gallons of water and requiring a 
horse to move it. This is suited for orchards, and the highest 
trees can be sprayed with it. 
Another very useful little machine is made by Messrs. 
Boulton and Paul, of Norwich. Being only 3 feet 2 inches wide, 
it can be moved about easily in plantations. It is fitted with 
two hose for delivery, and has a powerful pump. A peculiarity 
of it is that it has " dashers " within it for keeping mixtures, as 
of Paris Green, London 
Purple, soft soap, and 
paraffin, well stirred 
whilst in use. In Fig. 
19 it is shown as a 
watering-cart also, but 
this apparatus may be 
dispensed with. A fruit- 
grower who tried it on 
bush trees about 7 feet 
high informed me on 
April 17 that he had 
sprayed 6,000 of these, 
at the rate of 2,500 per 
day, with 360 gallons 
of water in which 18 
ounces of Paris Green 
had been dissolved. 
" Unless there were some arrangement for elevating the sjiraj-er," 
my informant adds, " it would hardly answer for lofty standards. 
The nozzle known as the " Stott" works well vviththis machine, 
giving a fine and well-diffused spray (Fig. 20). 
A valuable machine introduced from America is Hemniing- 
way's American spraying machine, adapted for the distribution 
of London Purple, Paris Green, and other insecticides. This is 
highly spoken of by Professor Riley and other American ento- 
