the Attachs of Insects and Fungi. 
251 
Hops. 
For apliides upon liop plants the planters " wasli '" or spray 
the plants with soft soap and quassia mixtures directly " flies," 
winged aphides, appear upon the leaves, for in a day or two 
they will produce a wingless generation, termed " lice," and very 
soon countless swarms will be propagated. 
Many remedies have been tried, but nothing is better than a 
solution of 
6 to 7 lb. of soft soap, 
6 to 8 lb. of quassia (the extract of), 
To 100 gallons of water. 
Some planters put rather more quassia and less soap, others 
more soap and less quassia. This application operates by the 
quassia making the leaves bitter and unpleasant for the aphides 
to put their suckers in, as well as by the mixture affecting the 
tender bodies of the aphides. 
Another mixture has been found useful composed of — 
6 to 8 lb. of soft soaj), 
^ lb. of tobacco extract, 
To 100 gallons of water. 
And one has been tried with advantage, consisting of — ■ 
G to 7 lb. of soft soap, 
3 to 4 pints of paraffin, 
To 100 gallons of water. 
In using this much care must be taken to mix the paraffin 
well with the soap and water while very hot. 
Hand hop-washing machines, are principally made use 
of by planters who have small or , moderate-sized holdings. 
They require three men, two with the hose and one to pump. 
Supplies of the mixture are carried by men in common pails 
from the water-cart brought to the outside of the hop garden. 
Ordinary nozzles are generally used which send the liquid in 
jet form, not as fine spray, it being still held desirable to send 
it against the leaves with some foi'ce and in some volume, neces- 
sitating the consumption of a larger amount of liquid than if 
spray nozzles were employed. From one to two and a half acres 
a day, according to the quantity of bine, can be washed with one 
of these hand engines, and it takes from 200 to 100 gallons 
of liquid to wash one acre, varying also with the quantity of 
bine. 
Hop-washing machines drawn by horses get over from four 
to five acres per day. Large planters in many cases adopt these 
s 2 
