260 
'I he Survival in Farming. 
which 14 tons of farmyard manure have been annually applied, 
we see that it paid better than no manure at all. On that plot 
the average yield of wheat during thirty-eight years was 
34 bushels an acre, whereas on the unmanured plot close by it 
was only 13,bushels. The extra 21 bushels on the manured 
plot, at only 4s. a bushel, would come to 41. 4s., whereas the 
manure, at 5s. a ton, would cost only 3/. 10s. If any objection 
be taken to the valuation of the dung, on the ground that 5s. 
Avill not cover the cost of carting and spi-eading, the answer is 
that the extra straw and chaff obtained would meet any I'eason- 
able charge for labour, including the extra expense of harvesting, 
threshing, and marketing the increase of produce. 
We have here a fair comparison between such extreme low 
farming as is commonly pursued in new countries and high 
farming, and it is clear that the latter is the moi'e remunerative, 
or the less unremunerative, of the two systems in this case. It 
is certain that the extensive production of 13 bushels of wheat per 
acre every year at 4s. a bushel would soon land the occupier of 
any farm in this country which would produce that quantity in 
the bankruptcy court ; whereas, it is not certain that the annual 
production of 34 bushels at 4s. a bvishel would not pay, under 
average conditions as to rent and other expenses, reduced as 
they are in periods of depression. But while the comparison is 
a fair one, as between the high and low systems of continuous 
wheat-growing, it is not by any means the most advantageous 
comparison that could be given to show the superiority of high 
farming. A better one, even of the same character, is afforded 
in the case of the Rothamsted barley experiments. The average 
yield of a plot manured annually with 275 lb. of nitrate of 
soda, and 3|- cwt. of superphosphate, was 45| bushels during 
tliirty-eight years, while the average yield of two unmanured 
plots in the same field was only 17^ bushels. The cost of the 
manures, at recent prices, was about 35s., and the extra barley 
obtained on the manured plot was over 28 bushels an acre, 
which at only 3s. 6d. a bushel would bring in 41. 18s. The 
application of such a dressing, for barley grown in an ordinary 
rotation, would bo high farming, and on land in good condition 
it might be too much. Similar comparisons might be drawn 
from the results of the Woburn experiments. 
Other striking examples of the remunerativeness of judicious 
manuring may be taken from the records of experiments on the 
mangel crop carried out last season by the Bath and West of 
England Society. These experiments are jiarticularly con- 
venient for the purpose now in view, because the cost of each 
dressing of manure is given, as well as the yield of roots. The 
