Suijar-Beet GuUivation in Austria. 
325 
through, before it is fit for the stack. I have seen hay stacked 
in the South with perfect safety that would only be considered 
in Scotland fit to cock (" quile," as it is called). This means, of 
course, that the labour is very much less, and, in fact, only costs 
about one-third or one-fourth of the sum per acre that we paid 
in the North, although the wages per man are nearly alike. We 
find it averages from -is. 6d. to o.s. 6d. per acre for labour, or 
about -is. per ton of hay made. This is, of course, simply due 
to the style of working which the climate permits. Heated 
hay is looked on with suspicion in Scotland ; hay will not be 
looked at here at all unless it is heated, and " as brown 
as a berry." Since the advent of so much mixture '"" hay 
here, however, there is a greater tendency to believe in the 
benefits of green-cured fodder. Personally, however, I prefer 
that which has had a gentle sweat."' 
One might go on almost indefinitely desci'ibing the various 
experiences met with in changing fi-om Xorth-country to South- 
country farming. Details might be given regarding the 
labourers and the method of working, wages, the beer question, 
&c., — all of which are diSerent from what we are used to in the 
North, and which intimately concern the success or failure of 
the farming — and of the improvements (or what we believe to 
be improvements) on the native methods. But the most promi- 
nent points have been touched on, and perhaps enough has 
been said to show why West-country Scots have taken so kindly 
to Esses soil. 
Primrose McConnell. 
SUGAR-BEET CULTIVATION 
IN AUSTRIA. 
Ix an article on the subject of the present position of agricul- 
ture in Austria-Hungary, which appeared in the last volume of 
the Journal,' I endeavoured to give a picture of the various 
agencies for the advancement of agriculture which exist in 
the Dual Monarchy, and to deal generally with what mav be 
called the administrative side of the question. 
The actual practice of agriculture in the countiy is less easv 
to describe in general terms. It is of every grade of merit and 
' Journal, Vol. I. (3rd Series), 1890, pp. 673-700. 
