416 
Senior Examination Papers, 1891. 
EXAMINATION IN BOTANY. 
Maximum Number of Maeks, 100. Pass Numbkr, 50, 
Friday, May \5th, from 2 j).m. till 4 p.vi. 
Seven questions at least must he ansmered. 
1. Describe the apex of the root and its method of growth; wherein does 
it differ from the growth of the stem 1 
2. What are the principal constituents of the ash of a plant, and how did 
the plant obtain them ? 
3. Explain : Endosperm, dicotyledon, glume, spore, hybrid, mycelium. 
4. State the cause or causes of the death of a seed. 
5. Describe the fruit and seed of wheat : what are the parts of the embryo, 
and what are their different functions in germination ? 
6. Describe the nature of hop mildew, and state what preventive or cura- 
tive means you would employ in dealing with it. 
7. What grasses and other plants are suitable for laying down permanent 
pasture in a good and well-drained soil 1 Give your reason for the selection 
of each specimen. 
8. Describe in some detail one of these parasites — ergot, dodder, or broom 
rape — giving its natural order, host plant, method of attack, resultant injury, 
and suggestions for remedy. 
9. Give the characters of the natural order TJmbelliferjB, and specify some 
cultivated plants of the order, and some dangerous plants found in Britain. 
10. Name and describe in systematic order the plants marked A and B. 
EXAMINATION IN GEOLOGY. 
Maximum Number of Marks, 100. Pass Numbsb, 50. 
Saturday, May lGth,from 10 a.m till 1 p.m. 
1. Describe some of the most common kinds of Granitic rocks, and State 
where they occur in the British Islands. 
2. Illustrate by diagrams folding unA. contortion of strata, also unconformity 
and overlap. What inferences, with reference to geological time, can be drawn 
from these conditions of strata ? 
3. What arc the main directions of strike and in the strata constituting 
England ? What Surface-features do you recognise in association with those 
conditions 1 
4. What Fossils would serve to show that a series of strata had been formed 
under freshwater (river or lake) conditions, and what would show that they 
had been formed in the sea ? 
5. What are the organic constituents and the chemical composition of 
Peat ? Describe the mode of its formation ? 
6. Mention the localities where Peat chiefly occurs in the British Islands. 
State how it used to be made serviceable as a manure, and what it is used for 
at the present day. 
7. Describe in detail of what and how s.ands, cl.iy.sand limestones, respec- 
tively, are formed in nature. 
