418 
Senior lamination Papers, 1891. 
EXAMINATION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY. 
Maximum Number of Maeks, 100. Pass Number, 60. 
Friday, May 15tJi,,from ip.m. till 5 p.m. 
Candidates mil not he expected to answer all the qvestions in this paper. The 
replies are to be as shoH as possible, and where the candidate is not acqtiainted 
with the scientific name of an insect, the generally received English name will lie 
accepted. 
\. Name some of the insect attacks most commonly injurious to turnips — 
as to the ciop in the seed leaves ; or to the leafage generally ; or to flower or 
seed ; or to roots. 
2. Describe a few of the chief characteristics of attack of turnip flea-beetle, 
or of some other common turnip attack. 
3. State very shortly some of the measures of treatment of land before- 
hand, or of treatment of the growing crop, which are useful for prevention or 
remedy of attack of turnip flea-beetle. 
4. Give some of the reasons why good cultivation of land, or stimulating 
dressings, or sometimes date of sowing, act well in lessening amount of harm 
from insect infestation. 
5. Say what treatment you would think desirable before, and during course 
of, breaking up old pastures or clover leys, in order to lessen amount of wire- 
worm i^resence. 
6. How can you tell the difference between various kinds of larvse, i.e. 
between the maggot of a two-winged fly, and the grub of a beetle, or the 
caterpillar of a moth or butterfly (speaking generally, and not noting excep- 
tional cases) ? 
7. Give examples of an order of insects, or of some special insects, which 
are injurious only in the larval stage; or in both larval and imago (or 
perfect) stage ; or in all three stages, i.e. as larva, pupa, and perfect 
insect. 
8. How do insects breathe, or draw in air? 
9. How would you apply the knowledge of method of inhaling air supplies 
practically, as a means of checking attack, say of ox warble maggot, or of 
aphides (or plant lice) in any stage ? 
10. State, giving the scientific or popular name of the infestation, what it 
is that causes the deformed growths known as " tulip root " or " segging" in 
oat plants, and as stem-sickness in clover. < 
11. Mention what kind of chemical applications have been found success- 
ful both for prevention .and remedy of tulip root and stem-sickuess. 
