622 
'Flie Diamond-back Moth. 
" The turnip soil made with farmyard manure, and about 5 cwt. 
of nitrate of soda and super — no salt." — J. B. 
" Land : generally black loam or whinstone ; some fields on sand, 
late sown, were worst. No difference observable to any extent in 
time or manner of ploughing. Manures : nitrate of soda, guano, 
Liebig's meat meal superphosphate, bone meal and flour, some cases 
kainit, no salt." — D. C. 
"I travel through the greatest turnip district in Yorkshire weekly, 
and observed the ravage of the pest very minutely. I found it to 
vary very much, affecting the plant more on flinty soil on the wolds 
than chalk. Also on low lands where there are diSerent kinds of 
soil in one field, say strong gravel and peat, affecting the gravel and 
peat, and leaving turnips on strong land very little hurt." — G. C. 
" Land sandy. Autumn cultivated ; we clean the land after wheat, 
plough deep three times by crossing, then ridge ; farmyard manure, 
twelve to fourteen cartloads per acre, with no artificial manure, or 
six cartloads farinyai'd manure, with 3 cwt. dissolved bones per acre, 
or the same quantity farmyard manure, and 4 cwt. concentrated 
manure per acre." — R. C, for Lord Auckland. 
"Attack noticed on July 17, in 25-acre field of swedes, lying 20 
feet above sea level, within 500 yards of the river Eden, where the 
tide rises to daily, heavy loam in high condition. Sandy subsoil, 14 
aci-es dunged in the winter, remainder in the drill, also treated with 
best herring guano, superphosphate, and nitrate when the land was 
drilled with turnips. On July 20 (that is, after attack was observed) 
whole turnip crop of the farm dosed with dressings of superphosphate 
and nitrate, sowed with two hands taking two drills at a time, so as 
to protect the heart of the turnip from the caterpillar. Dressing, 
with the help of heavy thunder-showers, appeared to start growth, 
and on the 27th, turnip showed decided improvement." — G. D. 
"As said before, crops on dry light land suffered most ; the land 
w^as ploughed in autumn and early winter, and worked and cleaned 
before seed-time. The same manure was used for all turnip crops, 
viz. farmyard manure, Ichaboe guano, and superphosphate of 
lime."— J. D. 
" Our land is light wold land on chalk, but the attack was just as 
bad on both sand and clay. Two fields of mine were autumn 
cultivated, and one simply ploughed in the usual way. Kainit was 
used (but no salt otherwise) with bone manure." — W. F. 
" The land is strong black land with a subsoil of white ore ; it was 
ploughed in the autumn to a depth of aljout 9 inches ; the field had 
a light dressing of ordinary farmyard manure, and 1 acre had 2^ 
cwt. of dissolved bones." — T. F. 
The following observation is well worth notice with regard to 
non-'m]\\Yy to the caterpillars from being buried for a while together 
with the leafage, which would both protect them from injury and 
serve them for food. " I put on the setting-up ploughs, and entirely 
covered up the turnips that I could not overtake. [Tliis was 
during experiment on badly-attacked crop — E. A. O.] This I did 
in fair desperation. After being buried a few days, T put on the 
