The Relations of the Diseases of Animals to those of Man. 637 
case, we must only consume suspected food and water after care- 
ful examination, and after boiling, filtration, or other means of 
purification, where necessary. Lastly, effective general sanitary 
measures should be taken to complete the cordon of protection. 
In the discussion on " Food Poisoning," it appeared to be the 
general opinion that thorough cooking of all meat and the most 
scrupulous cleanliness and ventilation of places where cooked meat 
was stored, sold, or otherwise prepared, with the adoption of every 
possible protection against the introduction into them of ground-air, 
or of morbific or unwholesome emanations, were the essential points 
to be considered as regards pre\'ention of tainting and meat infection. 
The noxious properties of poisonous meat might be due to disease of 
the animals or to food obtained from them ; inoculation of the 
foods with specific pathogenic microbes might take place outside the 
body of the animal from which the food was derived ; or, again, the 
infection with saprophytic toxicogenic bacteria of food-stufis, such as 
meat and milk, might occur. We still have much to learn about 
the sterilisation of milk and the destruction of certain organisms 
which, introduced into this medium, appear to set up poisonous 
fermentation, not only outside the body, but even after it has been 
introduced into the stomach, for it is found that heating and 
partial sterilisation of milk are not alwaj's suificient to destroy very 
resistant organisms, which, even after introduction with the milk 
into the stomach and intestines of children, may reinfect the milk 
and give rise to those forms of diarrhoea so frequently met with. 
Dr. Klein's paper on " Infectious Udder Diseases of the Cow in 
Relation to Epidemic Diseases of the Human Subject " started a very 
lively and interesting discussion, for although none of the speakers 
whose opinions were supported by the authority of actual experiment 
were able to confirm Dr. Klein's results, yet these results are so 
positively stated, and Dr. Klein has been able to produce such 
definite diseases, that the matter cannot at present be looked upon 
as finally settled, and there is no doubt that, on the first outbreak of 
diphtlieria or scarlet fever which appears to be associated in any way 
with an epidemic of vesicular eruption on the udders of cattle, the 
whole question will be again opened up. It would be well, therefore, 
as Professor Brown pointed out, that any such investigation should 
be carried on by a committee comprised of representatives of the 
Local Government Board and of the Board of Agricultui-e, with 
the assistance of some independent authorities. Only in this way 
can the matter be settled, as at present each section is convinced 
that the other is absolutely at fault, and certainly we should say, with 
Sir Roger de Coverley, " There is much to be said for both sides." 
Professor Ostertag, of Stuttgart, contributed one of the most 
interesting papers of the meeting, on " Milk Diseases and the 
Regulation of Milk Supply." As his remarks were extremely 
practical, we may here summarise his conclusions. For sanitary 
reasons he considers that the following kinds of milk should never 
be allowed to be placed on the market : viz. (1) Milk which 
without being necessarily prejudicial to health is still peculiar 
