Farming tvithout Live-stock. 
873 
Green manuring, then, advantageously provides light soils at 
once with nitrogen and with organic matter, and it is more econo- 
mical than the use of dung. Moreover, the system of Schultz of Lupitz 
is certainly preferable from a pecuniary point of view. 
These practices are less suited to beet- root soils, submitted to a 
system of intensive culture, on account of the rotations which are 
followed. Sideration is, further, least satisfactory upon soils of 
medium consistency, which should be dressed with dung, supple- 
mented by chemical manures. The employment of lime would, in 
case of need, serve to make good for a time any deficiency of organic 
matter. 
In order to procure, in the case of strong lands, the humic matter 
indispensable to the mellowing of the soil, it is necessary to have 
recourse to processes of the same kind. M. Arndt, for example, 
cultivated with great success, upon the system of Schultz of Lupitz, 
the farm of Oberwartha, situated on very compact soil. His fields,- 
which are in perfect condition, receive annually, in addition to the 
plantes siderees, such as have been named, 400 kilogrammes of basic 
cinder, containing 20 per cent, of phosphoric acid, and 600 kilo- 
grammes of kainit, yielding 13 per cent, of potash [presumably per 
hectare]. 
The lupin succeeds admirably at Oberwartha, and thus disposes 
of the prejudiced view that this plant is suited only to sandy soils. 
The white and blue flowered varieties have done best, the former 
as a crop grown for seed, the latter as a crop suited to the poorest 
soils, where other varieties of lupin refuse to grow. 
Upon elevated lands, where rye is not cleared off the fields till 
the end of July, and where early frosts would be liable too soon to 
terminate the growth of the lupin, serradella is preferred. It is 
sown broadcast in April or May, in the cereal crop. If the latter is 
spring sown, then one sowing is made to suffice for both corn and 
serradella. M. Arndt inoculated his fields with microbe — le microbe 
dUHdlriegel — in spite of which the serradella did not succeed upon 
his very stiff soils, and it was necessary to resort to vetch and to 
crimson clover (" trifolium "). This last-named plant, cultivated solely 
in view of sideration, and sown in July and August upon land 
■which had been subjected to the merest stirring of the surface, 
afforded in April and May an excellent green manure for potatoes. 
To the plants already named may be added the melilot (Bokhara 
clover), the extensively developed root-system of which offers, on 
the one hand, the advantage of enriching the soil in organic matter, 
and, on the other hand, the inconvenience of sending up in the 
following year innumerable shoots which are difficult to extirpate. 
It is sown in the autumn in a crop of rye. 
According to M. Arndt, a great future is in store for Lathyrus 
and certain wild forms of vetch. 
If for any reason it is wished to suspend, or to avoid, the 
cultivation of nitrogen-accumulating plants, it is competent to 
fall back upon plants such as white mustard, which store up and 
retain in the arable layer of the soil the nitrogen added in a 
