The Ayricultiiral Holdings {England) Act, 1883. 27 
(3) Other deductions are for rent due, for waste committed or 
permitted, for any breach of the contract of tenancy, and for 
taxes, rates, and tithe rent-charge due or becoming' due. 
The hindlord must be prepared with proof of all these deduc- 
tions ; and the tenant, too, shoukl carefully prepare himself for 
any disputed matter coming under heads either of deduction or 
of claim, by preserving receipts and vouchers, with cost of 
materials and labour, recording dates of manuring and other 
improvements, purchases of manure and feeding-stufis in re- 
placement of produce sold, and any other data which may be 
useful in resisting reductions or supporting claims. With 
regard to the latter, it is true that value to the incoming, not 
outlay by the outgoing, tenant is now the basis of value. In 
theory, therefore, valuers ought perhaps to dismiss from their 
minds a tenant's expenditure, in determining the amount of 
compensation due to him, and look only to the present condition 
of the land and of any improvements above the surface. It is 
obvious, however, that, in support of a tenant's assertion as to 
the existing value of his improvements, what he has spent upon 
them, and the periods at which his outlay occurred, may prove 
material elements in Informing a valuer's mind and enabling 
him to correct his opinion. 
In augmentation of a tenant's compensation he, too, may 
allege and recover for breach of covenant or agreement by the 
landlord. Alleged breaches of covenant or agreement on either 
side will refer to specific acts not usually difficult to establish or 
refute, though the amount of set-ofT or augmentation for each 
breach will not be so easily arrived at ; and it seems clear that 
there will be no set-off or augmentation unless specific damage 
can be proved. For example, a tenant covenants to follow a 
prescribed rotation of crops, and fails to do so. The contract 
of tenancy would ordinarily provide for re-entry on such a 
breach ; or the landlord might bring his action. If he stands 
by, and does not avail himself of his special remedy under the 
contract, it seems clear that, when the tenancy determines, the 
deduction for the breach can only be the specific damage, if 
any, which is shown to have been caused by it. 
Waste is a wide term ; and a tenant must always keep in 
view the possibility of future deductions from his compensation 
on this ground, and should obtain his landlord's written consent 
to any act by which it might hereafter be contended that the 
hold ing was deteriorated. For example, it would be active 
waste if the tenant broke up old pasture without consent, pulled 
down or damaged buildings, cut down or injured timber, hedges, 
plantations, coppices, or over-cropped without a proper return 
to the soil. It would be permissive waste if he allowed land to 
become foul, if he neglected to keep in good order drains, 
