42 The Agricultural Holdings (^England) Act, 1883. 
according to the date of execution, and tte period of exhaustion 
when these periods vary. The result may be rather compli- 
cated sets of accounts in some cases. 
The improvement of the land being an object of public 
policy, § 29 does not allow this object to be defeated by any 
settlement of land prohibiting the creation of any charges upon 
it. There is a provision, therefore, that charges under the Act 
shall not determine or forfeit any landlord's estate or interest, 
notwithstanding any deed, will, or other instrument to the 
contrary. 
This is a new and necessary provision in conformity with the 
spirit of the Act. Another part of § 29 relates to limited 
owners, who, under the Settled Land Act, 1882, may sell por- 
tions of the settled estates, and apply the capital trust-money, 
among other objects, in payment for the very numerous im- 
provements authorised by that Act (§§ 21, 25), which include 
drainage, irrigation, warping, drains, pipes, and machinery for 
supply and distribution of sewage as manure, embanking, en- 
closing, fencing and straightening of fences, re-division of 
fields, reclamation, dry warping, farm roads, clearing, trenching, 
planting ; cottages for labourers, farm-servants, and artisans, 
whether employed on the settled land or not ; farm-houses, offices 
and outbuildings, and other buildings for farming purposes ; 
reservoirs, pipes, wells, ponds, and other works for supplying and 
distributing water for agricultural or other purposes. Section 29 
of the Act now under consideration enables limited owners to 
apply this capital money in payment of any money expended, 
and costs incurred by them in executing under the Act any per- 
manent improvements on drainage, or in paying off any charge 
on a holding created under this Act, as though it were an 
incumbrance which could be so discharged under the Settled 
Land Act. 
Section 29 therefore, carrying out the policy adopted in 1875, 
gives increased powers to landlords who are limited owners, to 
charge the inheritance by a cheap and simple process, instead 
of being compelled to run the risk of paying out of their own 
pockets for improvements from which they may derive little 
benefit. In the case of permanent improvements. Parliament 
seems to have thought it expedient that they should be paid for 
outright by selling part of the settled estate under the Act of 
1882, rather than by creating a charge under the new Agri- 
cultural Holdings Act. 
Incidence of Charge. — Section 30 seems to be susceptible of two 
meanings. It may moan that when a landlord has the holding 
or an interest, such as a life interest, equivalent in law to a free- 
hold interest, the charge on the holding may continue to affect, 
