326 Reports of the Honorary Consulting Entomologist. 
I have notes from various quarters of the presence of crop 
grubs and maggots in farmjard-manure, especially of daddy 
longlegs grubs, and wireworm, also of cabbage-maggot, and in the 
case of the daddy longlegs grubs, of their being thus carted to 
the ground and spread along the ridges ; and I have no doubt that 
fields are often thus infested from the manure, as some of our 
crop-maggots infest vegetable matter, whether fresh, or putrid, 
or in the mixed condition of farmyard-manure. 
In the case of cabbage- and turnip-maggot, which has been 
very destructive in England, and in some parts of Scotland, the 
returns show the attacks to have been worst on heavily manured 
land ; absent, or nearly so, where the ground has been well 
treated with gas-lime previously ; and that, when attack was 
present, the crop was sometimes saved by the application 
of artificial manure, such as a mixture of guano, superphosphate, 
and salt ; or the attack checked by rain washing down a dress- 
ing, such as mineral superphosphate or nitrate of soda already 
on the land. 
In the case of mangold-fly above mentioned I have no notes 
of the use of salt ; but, looking at the great effect that this has 
been found to exercise on the growth of mangolds, it may be 
suggested that it would be likely to prove very beneficial, either 
mixed with the farmyard-manure, or as a part of a mixed dressing 
during attack. 
Amongst the attacks of the autumn on turnips there has been 
considerable damage from the small green caterpillars of the 
diamond-back moth. This is believed to be of rare occurrence, 
but when it does happen it is often so exceedingly injurious 
that there is reason to think it has been confused with that of 
the turnip-saw-fly caterpillars, or " niggers." These two kinds 
of caterpillars may be distinguished by the diamond-backs 
being green all their lives, whilst the so-called " niggers " are 
only greenish at first. Also, they often spin a deal of fine weh 
on the leaves they are destroying. The diamond-back moths 
are about the size of a clothes-moth, with markings forming 
diamond-shapes along the edge of the wings when folded. 
This attack has been chiefly noticed on or near the eastern 
seaboard near Harwich and Lynn, and in Yorkshire and 
Caithness. It has been found that the same kind of treat- 
ment applicable to "niggers" is serviceable against attacks of 
the diamond-black moth caterpillars. This is dressing with 
fertilisers (as nitrate of soda), brushing with boughs to knock 
off the grubs, and (generally) keeping up a healthy rapid 
growth. 
Many replies have been sent in regarding the first appearance 
of aphis on hops, of which the main points are that attack is 
