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GLOSSARY. 
Echinate ; armed with straight slender prickles like a hedge- 
hog. 
Elliptic ; oval but acute at each end. 
Elongate ; much lengthened. 
Emarginate ; slightly notched at the end. 
Embryo ; the young plant as first seen in the seed. 
Entire ; not toothed nor lobed at the edge. 
Epidermis ; the skin. 
Epigynous ; apparently seated upon the ovary. 
Epipetalous ; borne on the petals. 
Epiphytes ; plants growing upon others, but not deriving 
nourishment from their juices. 
Equalling ; when the ends of organs rise to the same height 
even though their relative lengths are different. 
Eqiiitant ; when a conduplicate organ covers the edges of 
another similarly folded, and that covers a third, and 
so on. 
Erect ; standing nearly perpendicular to that from which it 
grows, as a seed rising from the base of an ovary ; at right 
angles to its support. 
Exceeding ; when an organ extends beyond an adjoining 
organ, but is not necessarily itself longer than it. 
Excurrent ; extending beyond the edge or point. 
Exserted; projecting beyond that which surrounds its base. 
Extrorse anthers have the slit by which the pollen escapes 
directed from the ovary. 
Falcate ; like a sickle. 
Falling short of ; the reverse of exceeding. 
Fasciculate ; when several similar parts are collected into a 
bundle and spring from the same spot ; often the developed 
leaves of an undeveloped axillary branch form a fascicle. 
Fastigiate ; when all the branches are parallel and point 
upwards. 
Feathery ; like a feather in structure. 
Felted ; tomentose. 
Fibre ; a hair-like kind of elementary structure. 
Fibrous ; having many threadlike parts. 
Filament ; the stalk usually found supporting an anther. 
Filiform ; like a thread. 
Floxcid ; weak. 
Flexuose ; zigzag, usually changing its direction at each 
joining. 
Floccose ; with little tufts like wool. 
Follicle ; an inflated 1-celled carpel, opening by only one 
suture to which several seeds are attached. 
