GALIUM. — RtTBIA. 
189 
proviinent, panicles few-flowered,^.- andfr.-st. erect-patent, fr. 
faintly granular, pet. acute. — G. pvsiUum (Sm.). £. B. 74. 
G. sylvestre (Poll.). — St. many, slender, square, diffuse, 
ascending. L. often nearly glabrous or with inaryinal hairs 
{not prickles) spreading or backward. Lower part of stem and 
leaves sometimes densely covered with patent hairs. Panicle 
very variable in size. Fr. very minutely granular. — a. (r. rnon- 
tanuin (Vill.) ; 1. linear-lanceolate, pan. with short ascending 
branches and few-flowered cymes. — ^. G. iiitidadum (Thuill.) ; 
1. linear, pan. with somewhat spreading branches and compact 
cymes. — Limestone hills. P. VI. VII. E. S. I. 
*** Stem rough with downward prickles. 
12. G. idiffinosum (L.) ; I. 6 — 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 
bristle-pointed the margins rough like the angles of the stem 
u'ith hnchvard prickles, panicles small axillary few-flowered 
trichotomous, the branches patent 3-fid, fruitstalks divaricate 
straight, fruit granular. — E. B. 1972. — Continuing green. 
Stems slender, brittle, about a foot high, weak. L. usually 6 
in a whorl, discoloured at the tip, shortly acuminate. Fr. dark 
brown.— Wet places. P. VII. Vill. E. S. I. 
13. G. palus'tre (L.) ; I. 4 in a whorl hroadly linear broader 
upwards blunt, midrib slender, panicle diffuse, /V.-s<. straight, 
spreading at right angles, fr. smooth. — Turning blackish when 
dry. St. 1 — 2 feet high, slender, usually branched. Fl. small, 
white. St. and branches nearly smooth. L. narrow, lowest 
usually in sixes, upper in fours of which 2 are smaller. — On 
dry ground the 1. are broader, those of the barren shoots often 
obovate : then known by its blunt 1. and downward prickly 
stems. — G. Witheringii (Sm.) differs only by having rough 
edges to the leaves. — A very strong form, much larger in all 
respects, is the G. elongatum (Presl). Var. ndcrophyUum 
(Lange) has narrower and .shorter 1. E. B. 1857. — Wet places 
l)y ditches and rivers. P. VI. VII. E. S. I. 
4. Ru'bia Linn, bladder. 
1. R. peregrina (L.) ; 1. 4 — 6 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 
shining smooth above without veins the margin and keel rough 
with reriexed bristles — E. B. 851. — Old st. terete ; shoots 
spreading, square. L. rigid persistent. Fl. in panicled cymes. 
Cor. rotate, 5-cleft ; lobes oval, suddenly narrowed into a 
slender point. — Stoney and sandy thickets chiefly in the south. 
P. VL-VIII. E. I. 
