192 
44. DIPSACACE.S. 
Barren cells 0, or reduced to a rib. 
4. V. dentdta (Poll. sec. Soy.-Will.) ; fr. oval crowned with 
the small oblique unequally 4-tootlied calyx flat in front ivith 
a sjmce enclosed between 2 elevated curved ribs convex 
tehind, cyme lax spreading its branches long divaricate. — 
£. B. 1370. R. xii. 710. V. Morisonii (DC.).— Teeth of the 
crown spreading or all incurved except the largest. Fr. 
smooth or [var. mij-ta Soy.-Will.] hairy. Fl. corymbose. — 
Corn-fields and banks. A. VI. VII. E. S. 1. 
5. r. eriocar'2)a (Desv.) ; fr. pilose crowned with the large 
toothed open nearly regular rather obliquely truncate net- 
veimd calyx ; otherwise like V. dentata. — Sy. E. B. 673. 
R. xii. 712. Coss. Atl. 24 E.— Wore. Dorset, Cornwall. The 
Welsh plant is V. dentata. A. VI. E. 
Order XLIV. DIPSACACE.E. 
Fl. capitate, involucrate. Cal. superior, surrounded by an 
involucel (or free outer calyx) which closely invests the ripe 
fruit. Cor. 4 — 5 fid with unequal lobes. Stam. 4, inserted in 
the tube, free ; anth. not cohering. Style 1. Stigma simple. 
Ovary 1 -celled, with a pendulous ovule. Fr. crowTied with the 
pappus-like calyx. Embryo in fleshy albumen. — No stipules. 
1. DiPSACUS. Involucel forming a thickened margin to the 
ovary. Calyx cupshaped. Cor. 4-fid. Receptacle with 
s2nnous exserted scaled shorter than the involucre. Fr. 
vsdth 4 sides and 8 little depressions. 
2. Knautia. Involucel terminating in 4 small teeth. Calyx 
cupshaped with radiant teeth. Receptacle hairy hemi- 
sjiherical ; scales 0. Fr. with 4 sides and 4 little 
depressions. 
3. Scabiosa. Involucel membranous or minute. Calyx of 
4 or 5 bristles. Receptacle cylindrical with sunken scales. 
Fr. nearly cylindrical with 8 excavations. 
1. Dip's Acus Zwm. Teasel. 
1. D. sylves'tris (Huds.) ; 1. opposite simple sessile, stem-1. 
connate, scales of the recejdacle straight at the end exceeding the 
flowers, involucres curved upivards. — E. B. 1032. — St. 5—6 feet 
high, prickly, leafy, branched. Heads of pale lilac fl. large, 
conical, overtopped by the slender ascending involucre. — 
Hedges and roadsides. B. VIII. IX. Wild Teasel. E. S. ? I. 
