198 
45. COMPOSITE. 
6. Fr. attached obliquely. Anthers scarcely tailed. 
* Papjnis in many roivs of different lengths ; inner row longest, 
longer than the f r uit. 
28. Sekeatula. Heads dioecious by abortion. Phyll. sharp, 
wnarmed. Scales of the receptacle split longitudinally into 
linear bristles. Fr. compressed, not beaked ; basal scar 
oblique. Pappus persistent. 
** Pappus in many rows, nnequal ; second row Longest, equal to 
or shorter than the fruit : rarely none. 
29. Centaurea. Anthers with papillose filaments. Recep- 
tacle chaffy. Fr. attached laterally above the base to the 
receptacle. Pappus hairlike, rarely 0. 
r. Fr. with a transverse basal scar. Pappus in many rows, 
equal, long. Anth. scarcely tailed. 
30. Onopoedum. Receptacle honeycombed. Fr. 4-ribbed. 
Pappus rough. Otherwise like Carduns. 
31. Carditus. Phyll. simple, spinous, pointed. Receptacle 
with fimbriate scales. Fr. compressed, oblong. Pappus 
long, hairlike or feathery, united into a ring at the base and 
deciduous. — Includes Cnicus Linn, and Cirsium Scop. 
d. Fr. with a transverse basal scar. Pappus in many rows. 
Filaments monadelphous, glabrous. Anth. scarcely tailed. 
32. SiLYBUM. Phyll. leaflike at the base, narrowed into 
a long spreading spinous point. Receptacle scaly, Fr. 
compressed, its terminal scar surrounded by a papillose 
ring. Pappus hair- or scale-like, united into a ring at 
the base, deciduous. 
Suborder III. CICHORIACE.'E or LIGULIFLORi*:. 
Flowers all ligulate and perfect. — Juice milky. 
* Pappus 0. Receptacle without scales. 
33. LapS-^na. Heads 8— 12-flowered. Phyll. in 1 row, 
erect, with 4 — 5 short bracts at their base. Fr. com- 
pressed, striate, deciduous, not enveloped in the phyllaries. 
