CARDUUS. 
31. Cae'duus Linn, em., Bah. [ed. 1]. Thistle. 
[Many hybrids, apparently occur in this genus.] 
* Fappus roiKjh. Carduus Sm., DC, Koch. 
1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuate, 
heads solitary/ droopinf/ hemispheTical, phylJ. lanceolate cottony 
outer ones reflexed. — E. B. 1112.— St. 2 feet high, erect, angular, 
furrowed, cottony, interruptedly winged. L. hairy on both 
sides, with woolly veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy 
spinous-ciliate segments ending in strong spines. Heads large ; 
il. crimson ; unopened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, 
internal phyll. contracted above the base and then lanceolate. — 
[a hybrid with Sp. 2 {S'.whouUH, H. C. Wats.) occurs.] — Waste grOUnd. 
B. v.— VIII. Musk-Thistle. E. S. I. 
2. C. cris'pus (L. em., Bab.) : 1. decurrent spinous-ciliate 
lanceolate glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes 
trifid and dentate, Aeac/.s rovndish, pliiill. linear-si/hnlate erect 
or ascending. — E. B. 973. — St. about 3 feet high, continuously 
winged. Phyll. not contracted above their base. — a. ; 1. lanceo- 
late usually cottony beneath, heads small clustered subglobular 
(or ovoid C. polyanthemos Koch), phyll. ending in a weak 
spine, ped. winged to the top, central tubercle of fr. not 
angular. — /3. C. acanthc'ides {(L and Q. vix L.) ; 1. broadly 
lanceolate less downy beneath, head twice as large solitai-y 
or rarely 2 or 3 together subglobular, phyll. strongly spinous 
erect, ped. often naked at the top, central tubercle of fr. 
5-angled. — Dry banks and waste places, fi. is the less common 
plant. B. ? VI.— VIII. E. S. I. 
3. C pi/cnocep/i'ahis (L.)'; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous 
broadly lanceolate cottony beneath, segnientsovatelobed, heads 
many crowded sessile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate 
attenuate. — E. B. 412. — St. about 3 feet high, .slightly branched, 
with broad deeply lobed continuous spinous wings. L. deeply 
sinuate or pinnatifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. Fl. pink. — 
Sandy places near the sea. B. ? VI.— VIII. E. S. I. 
** Pappus feathery. Cnici^s Linn, em., Sm. Ciesium Scop, 
t Leaves spinous-hairy above, flowers purple. 
4. C. lanceoh'itus (L.) ; /. decurrent white and cottony beneath 
1 This description refers to the common British form, C. tenuijlorus (Curt.). 
The more typical C. pijcnocephalus from riymouth has but slightly winged long 
branches, bearing 1—3 larger heads, with more spreading phyll. and the 1. densely 
cottony beneath. — H. & J. G. 
