CHAKA. 
Ml 
** Stem of one central and many cortical tubes (cells). 
1+ St. with one row of cortical cells to each branchlet. Dioecious. 
3. C. caties'cens (Loisel.) ; st. slender coarsely striate densely 
beset with setaceous patent clustered spines, branchlets 8 — 10 
short, stipulodes long, bracts 7 — 10 whorled slender equal 
usually exceeding the narroviy oblong nucules of 10 — 12 
spires. — J. o/£.x-vm. t. 208. C. crinita (WaUr.).— St. rigid, 
but little branched, rarely incrusted, pale green. Branchlets 
stout, 6— 8-jointed. — Pools near the sea, rare. E. I. 
++ .S'^. ii'itk 2 )-ows of ccn-tical cells to eac/i branchlet. 
a. Monoecious. 
4. C. I'ldgdris (L.) ; st. finely striate, primary cortical cells 
less prominent than secondary and bearing the few small 
spines, branchlets 6 — 9 their upper part without cortical cells, 
stipulodes small blunt, bracts on inner side of branchlet exceed- 
ing the ovoid nucule of 12 or 13 spires. — E. B. 336. C.fcetida 
(Braun). — Primary cortical cells collapse as they dry and 
so place the spines in furrows. Very variable ; (C. longi- 
bracteata Kiitz.) branchlets and bracts much longer ; (C 
decipiens Desv.) [var. papaioio (vvaiii.)] spines many spreading 
long deciduous, secondary cortical cells very prominent ; (C. 
subvert icillata Nordst. MS.) branchlets spreading with long 
upper naked joints, not incrusted and few spines, dark green 
(hardly C. atrovirens Lowe) ; (C. crassicaidis Schl.) stoat, 
branchlets stout connivent often ^ naked, bracts short ovate, 
spines obsolete. — [Var. melanopyrena (H. & J. G.); nucules black instead 
of brown as in other forms.] — Universal. V. VI. E. S. I. 
5. C. contrdria (A. Br.) ; st. finely striate, primary cortical 
cells more ^jrominent than the secondary and bearing the spines 
or tubercles ; branchlets 6—9 coated nearly throughout, stipu- 
lodes blunt [or acute], bracts 4 (?) scarcely exceeding the nucules 
of 12 or 13 spires and a conical contracted [or spreading] crown. 
— [j. oj B. six. (18S1), t. 224, 2.] — Much like C.faitida. Spines more 
acute, ultimately on ridges. — [/3. Mspidula (Braun); splne-cells 
prominent spreading. — C. denudatu (Braun); st. weak and as well as the 
branchl. almost entirely ecorticate. J. of B. xxxiii. (1S95), p. 290, t. 3.S0. — A 
hybrid with sp. 6 occurs in the Norfolk Broads.] — Lakes; pools, and 
ditches, [r Westmeath.] VI.— VIIL E. S. I. 
6. C. his'pida (L.) ; st. stout thickened upwards rough 
spirally striate, secondary cortical cells larger and more 
