S42 
103. CHAPwACE^. 
prominent than the primary, spines many setaceous spreading, 
branchlets 7 — 9-jointed, stipulodes prominent, bracts on both 
sides of the branchlet 8 — 10 exceeding the ovoid nucules of 10 
or 11 spire.s. — E. B. 463. — Usually very large, much incrusted, 
often 3 or 4 feet long. Sterile branchlets 3 — 4 inches long. 
Spines variable in quantity and length. — [jS. macracantha (Braun); 
spine- and bract-cells very long. — -y. gymnottUs (Braun); spine-cells few 
branch!, with several ecorticate joints.— 5. C. horrida (Wahlst.); small and 
compact, spine-cells short patent very numerous, branchl. straight spreading. — 
Subsp. radis (Braun) ; st. more slender secondary cortical cells very strongly 
developed almost hiding the primary (spine-bearing) series.] — Ponds and 
ditches. [5. Donbtfally British.] VI. E. S. I. 
7. C. polyacan'tha (Braun) : st. stout, primai^j cortical cells 
more prominent than secondary-, spines many setaceous 
fascicled spreading, branchlets 8 — 10 of 6 — 8 joints, stipulodes 
long slender, bracts 6 — 10 exceeding the ovoid nucules of 12 or 
13 spires.— J. of B. xviii. t. 208. Atl. Fl. Par. t. 38. B. f. 3.— 
Very spinous, much incrusted ; smaller, more spinous, with 
shorter branchlets but longer internodes than U. hisjnda. — 
Ponds and ditches. VI. E. S. I. 
8. C. hal'tica (Bruzei.) ; st. stout finely striate flexible 
primary cortical cells more prominent than secondary, spines 
many slender spreading, branchlets 6 — 9 patent many-jointed, 
stipulodes slender, bracts whorled long exceeding oblong 
nucules of 10—15 spires and spreading crown. — [j. o/b. xix. (issi), 
t. 2-'4, 1.] — Pale green, not incrusted. Moderately spinous. 
Upper part of branches not coated. Bracts veiy long. Lowest 
nodes with bulbils. — Ponds. Kynance Vale, Cornwall. 
[Dorset. Orkney. Guernsey.] VIII. E. 
b. Dioecious. 
9. C. to7nentosa{L.); st. thickened upwards twisted, primary 
cortical cells very prominent, spines few short stout scattered, 
branchlets 5 — 7 rather incurved of 4 — 6 long joints the upper 
joints not coated hut 'm&a.ted, stipulodes usuallj/ .^koi't and thick, 
bracts usually 5 very thick the lateral exceeding the ovoid 
nucules of 12 — 14 spires the others falling short of them. — 
Hook. Icon. PI. .532. — Opaque, greenish white when fresh, 
usually much incrusted. Spines rather whorled, verj' short, 
acute. Upper joints of branchlets remarkably inflated and 
lengthened in our plant. — Shannon Lakes. I. 
t+f St. with 3 roics of corrtical cells to each branchlet. 
10. C. as'pera (W.) ; di(jecious. st. slender flexible with 
slender acute spi-eadinfj spines, branchlets 6—9 rather incurved 
