American Milk-Condensing Factories. 105 
About 1857 Mr. Borden put into the market, for city use, 
what he called "Plain Condensed Milk." This is prepared in 
the same way as the other, except that no sugar is added, and it 
is not hermetically sealed. It will remain sound from one to 
two weeks, according to the temperature in which it is kept, and 
it is so convenient as well as economical, that it is stated that a 
large quantity of the milk used in New York city is of this kind. 
With the end of the war, and the dissolution of the armies, 
the demand for sugared condensed milk fell off ; and the manu- 
facturers, who had been stimulated to too great a production, 
turned their attention to this " Plain Condensed Milk." 
I have no means of estimating the present extent o the 
manufacture of condensed milk in the United States. For this 
one must wait for the returns of the census of 1870. However, 
it is known that the capacity of the eight or ten factories on the 
Hudson, in Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Illinois, is not less 
than 500 cases of four dozen 1-lb. cans per day — equal to eight 
million five hundred thousand lbs, per annum. It may be stated 
that 1 lb. of the condensed milk is equivalent to 3 or 4 lbs. of 
the crude milk. 
In 1865, an American gentleman who had noted the advan- 
tages of condensed milk in the American army during the few 
years of the war, became resident in Switzerland in the capacity 
of United States' consul. Remembering the cheapness and rich- 
ness of Swiss milk, the cheapness of labour, and other facilities 
afforded in that country, he conceived the idea of preparing 
condensed milk in Switzerland. He communicated his views to 
a gentleman late of the United States Patent Office, who visited 
several factories in America producing the condensed milk under 
the Borden process, where he learned the art of manufacturing the 
milk by this process, and commenced manufacturing the same in 
Switzerland. The ultimate success of his project has abundantly 
proved the soundness of his conception. He promoted the 
Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, the extent of whose 
present business is set forth in the following extract from the 
' Grocer' of December 31st, 1870. The facts seem to have been 
compiled from statistics preserved at the Board of Trade, which 
were doubtless obtained from the Report of the British Legation 
at Berne : — 
" In the canton of Zug there has lately grown up a new mode 
of preserving milk, which, owing to the good pasturage of that 
locality, is very excellent in quality. In the commune of Cham 
the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, with a capital of 
12,000/., employ about sixty operatives in their factory, the tall 
chimney of which may be seen by the railway traveller passing 
over the line from Lucerne to Zurich. The number of cows 
