106 American Milk- Condensing Fadories. 
hired for the year is 1440, and the average amount of condensed 
milk prepared daily during the 365 days of the year, as it is 
necessary to include the Sundays, is 110 cases, of four dozen each 
of 1-lb. cans ; these equal 1,927,200 cans as the product of the 
year. The price of the crude milk is 17 c. per maas, or about 
2c?. per quart ; and the daily cost of the tins or cans made at this 
establishment amounts to 16Z. 10s. About one half of the^ pro- 
duct is sent direct to London, where one half of this is con- 
sumed, while the remainder goes for ships' stores, is exported to 
the colonies, and sent to the provincial towns of England." 
" The half of the produce not sent to London is distributed 
over Germany, and there is some demand from France and 
Russia." 
« * * * 
It should be mentioned that this Company was the first in 
Europe to introduce condensed milk to family use. Until its 
advent the article was known only for ships' stores and for colo- 
nial consumption. By extensive and systematic advertising, and 
through the boundless energy which characterises your business 
Yankee, this Company has received a large demand for ordinary 
family consumption, not only in England but also in Germany 
and Russia. In this respect its success may be largely attributed 
to the fact that Baron Liebig and other authorities on questions 
of food supported it heartily from the first, and allowed the 
patronage of their names for publication. Its success led, natu- 
rally enough, to the springing up of competitive companies. 
These have been established at Gruyeres and half-a-dozen other 
places in Switzerland, in Bavaria, in Holstein, in Ireland, and 
in England ; but, failing to produce a standard quality, and 
wanting in prestige, they have nearly all ceased to manufacture. 
All now known to the London trade are the " Anglo Swiss ;" 
Mr. Newman's " Irish Condensed Milk," at Mallow, near Cork ; 
and the " English Condensed Milk Company," whose works are 
at Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. The two last put their milk 
in the market during the year 1870, and it is stated upon good 
authority that neither the Swiss nor the English Company has 
lately been able to supply the call for their products. 
In Mr. Borden's early experiments, and indeed up to within 
a few years past, the nature and cause of a peculiarly bad be- 
haviour of milk, from time to time, were imperfectly understood. 
Under certain circumstances and conditions the milk could be 
readily handled, and gave no trouble in its manipulation. When 
in this state, comparatively inexperienced operators — men who 
simply followed a set of rules, with little or no knowledge of 
principles — were enabled to turn out a good product, whether 
