American Milk- Condensing Factories. 
Ill 
the factory, there was no reason to suspect taint from any par- 
ticular dairy. The deliveries from the several patrons went into 
the vat tosrether. and were set in the usual manner with rennet. 
But, during the process of heating up the curds, a most intensely 
foul and disagreeable odour was emitted. The cheese- maker 
sent for Mr. Arnold and myself, and we went to the factory 
together. We found the curds, then about half scalded, giving 
off a stench exceedingly offensive — a smell like that coming from 
a nasty mud hole, stirred up and exposed to the air in hot weather. 
There was no mistaking the peculiar odour, and 1 suggested at 
once that some of the patrons were allowing their cows to slake 
their thirst from stagnant, filthv pools. He afterwards traced 
the milk to its source, and found the trouble to come from one 
patron, who allowed his cows to cross a narrow slough, where 
particles of mud adhered to the udder. These became dry, and 
the dust entered the milk during the milking, and introduced 
a class of fungi which, by multiplication, spoiled the milk. The 
patron had meant no harm. He had taken every precaution, so 
far as his knowledge extended, for the delivery of good milk, 
and on correcting this fault the trouble ceased. 
Another case in point occurred during the past summer, 1871. 
Professor Law, of Cornell University, gets his supply of milk 
from a " milkman." One day, during the hot weather, he 
observed a peculiar ropy appearance in the cream which had 
risen on the milk. He examined it under a powerful micro- 
scope, and found it filled with living organisms of a character 
quite foreign to good milk. He immediately called upon his 
milkman, to enquire concerning his management of stock, and 
general treatment of milk, with a view of accounting for the 
trouble. There was no fault discovered at the dairy-house, in 
the milking, or in the treatment of the milk ; but on looking 
through the pastures, he found that the cows, for lack of clean 
running water, were compelled to slake their thirst for the most 
part from a stagnant pool. This water he examined under the 
microscope, and discovered the same class of organisms as those 
in the cream. He then took some of the blood from the cows 
and examined it under the glass, when the same organisms made 
their appearance. He next obtained a specimen of good milk — 
milk which on examination was free from impurites, and into 
this he put a drop of water from the stagnant pool. In a short 
space of time the milk developed an infinite number of these 
living organisms, and became similar in character to the milk 
obtained from his milkman. He examined the cows, and made 
the usual thermometer tests for determining health and disease in 
animals. The cows were found to be hot and feverish, thus 
evidently showing that these organisms, entering the circulation, 
had affected the health of the animals. 
