112 
American Milk- Condensing Factories. 
I have called attention to these facts because it has been very 
commonly supposed among milk producers that so long as a 
due degree of cleanliness in respect to dairy utensils has been 
observed, the responsibility of bad milk can be shifted upon 
other persons. 1 have said that it is important that the milk- 
producer who delivers milk to the condensed-milk factory be 
thoroughly educated in all the leading causes which injure 
milk — that he have a moral sense of the dishonesty and wrong 
he would be doing in delivering milk which he has good . 
reason to believe would spoil the whole product of the factory 
for the day. No system of inspecting the milk, as it comes to 
the factory, will reach all the causes affecting milk, or determine 
imperfections often contained in it at the time of delivery. The 
milk of cows in heat, or of cows over-exercised, on account of 
this disturbance, cannot be used with safety. Yet when such 
milk comes to the factory, mingled with the other milk from the 
herd, it will be very likely to pass the scrutiny of the expert and 
to be accepted. Under the best management and most careful 
examination, losses will inevitably occur from time to time on 
account of imperfect milk, and a certain percentage must be 
allowed in making up an estimate of expenses to cover this item. 
But unless there be some reliability for obtaining good, clean, 
healthy milk, it would not be advisable to enter upon condensed 
milk manufacture. To this end the character of the country 
where the milk is produced should be studied. 
The pastures should be upon high undulating or well drained 
soils, the farms should have an abundance of clean, sweet, 
running water, while extra attention should be given to the 
care and management of herds, never over-driving in hot 
weather, milking with regularity and with fastidious neatness, 
together with absolute cleanliness in dairy utensils and dairy 
buildings. 
I am told that Mr. Borden's success has resulted in a great 
measure from placing his factories in the most favourable districts 
for obtaining good milk. In every instance he selected for his 
milk producers, persons whose long experience in furnishing 
milk for city consumption had taught a higher appreciation in 
the care of milk than is common among the cheese dairymen. 
Upon this element he commenced, and drew up a set of rules 
for guidance in the delivery of milk, a faithful performance of 
which was rigidly e.\acted. These rules are as follow : — 
Borden's Rules for the Treatment and Delivery of Milk.- 
I. The milk shall be drawn from the cow in the most cleanly maimer, and 
strained through wire-cloth strainers. 
II. The milk must be thoroughly cooled immediately after it is drawn from 
