American Milk- Condensing Factories. 
113 
the cow, by placing the can in wliich it is contained in a tnb or a vat of cold 
water, deep enough to come up to the height of the milk in the can con- 
taining it, and at least three times as much water as the milk to be cooled ; 
the milk to be occasionally stirred until the animal heat is expelled as 
below. 
III. In summer, or in spring and fall, when the weather is warm, the bath 
shall be spring water, not over 52° temperature (a day or a night after a 
heavy rain excepted) constantly ruiniing or p >uring in at the bottom, neces- 
sary to reduce the temperature of the milk within forty-five minutes to below 
58°, and if night's milk, to remain in such bath until the time of bringing it 
to the factory to below 55°. The morning's milk not to exceed 60° when 
brought to the factory. 
IV. In winter or in freezing weather, the bath shall be kept at the coolest 
point (it need not be running spring water) by the addition of ice or snow 
sufiicicnt to reduce the temperature of night's milk speedily below 50°. 
V. In spring and fall weather a medium course will be pursued, so that 
the night's milk shall be cooled within an hour below 50", and morning's 
milk below 55°. 
VI. The bath and supply of water shall be so arranged as to let the water 
flow over the top, to carry off the waiTn water. The can in which the milk 
is cooled shall be ])laced in the water immediately after the milking, and shall 
remain therein until the process of cooling shall be finished. 
VII. The night's and morning's milk shall be separately cooled before 
mixing. 
VIII. No milk shall be kept over to deliver at a subsequent time. 
IX. The milk shall be delivered on the platform at the factory every day 
except Sunday. 
X. Suitable cans of proper dimensions to transport the milk from the 
dairy to the milk works shall be furnished by the seller, and the cans shall 
he bi-ought full. 
XI. The Company shall clean and steam the cans at the factory free of 
charge, but customers shall keep the oiitsides clean. The pails and strainers 
employed shall be by the seller thoroughly cleaned, scalded in boiling water, 
and dried morning and night. 
XII. Immediately before the milk is placed in the cans they shall be 
thoroughly rinsed with clean cold water, and great care shall be taken to keep 
the cans and milk free from dirt or impurities of any kind. When the cans 
are not in use they shall be turned down on a rack with the tops ofi'. 
XIII. All the "strippings" as well as the first part of the milk shall be 
brought. JS'o milk will be received from a cow which has not calved at least 
I vvelve days, miless by consent of the superintendent or agent, who may deter- 
iiiine its fitness sooner by a sample of the milk. 
XIV. The cows are not to be fed on turnips or other food which would 
impart a disagreeable flavour to the milk, nor upon any food which will not 
produce milk of standard richness. 
XV. It is further understood and agreed by the parties hereto, that if the 
superintendent or agent of the Company shall have good reason to suspect, 
either from evidence furnished, or from the state of the milk itself, that water 
has been added, or that it has not been cooled as provided, or that it has been 
injured by carelessness, he shall have a right to refuse to receive such milk, 
or any further quantity of milk, from the person so violating these directions 
and stipulations. 
Expelling the Vapour by Means of Fans.— Mr. Borden's plan 
of condensing milk is to abstract the water ?n vacuo, and a de- 
scription of his process will be given fuithcr on. It involves the 
VOL. VIII. — S. 8. I 
