American Milk-Condensijig Factories. 119 
the cost of condensing, with the same expenses as before, would 
be nearly If cent per gallon, or less than half a cent per quart. 
This, it must be understood, is for plain milk. When sugar is 
added, the expense of the sugar must be reckoned ; but as 
sugared milk is sold by the pound, and as the addition of sugar 
adds something to the weight, the increased weight more than 
pays the cost of the sugar. 
In a well-conducted factory, therefore, and when milk can be 
purchased at 12^ cents (about 6d.) per gallon, the cost of con- 
densing is from 1 to 2 cents {^d. to Id.) per gallon, and this 
includes the value of a certain number of gallons of crude 
milk daily set apart to cover waste, which possibly may not 
occur. 
When the milk is put up in pound cans, the 5000 gallons 
of milk condensed, allowing for waste as previously estimated, 
would require 10,000 tin cans, which at 30 dollars per thousand 
— the estimated cost — would amount to 300 dollars, or 6 cents 
(3d.) for every gallon of crude milk condensed. 
The whole expense, then, of condensing and canning the 5000 
gallons, would be at the rate of 7 cents per gallon, of crude milk. 
For the 2000 gallons, it would be 8 cents per gallon. That is 
to say, in English money the expense would be 'did. per gallon 
in the first case, and -id. in the second. 
The daily expenses, then, may be summed up as follows : — 
dolUis. cents. 
Cost of 5000 gallons of milk 625 
Daily workinsr expenses of factory as previously estimated 24 50 
10,000 cans (30 dollars per 1000) 300 
949 50 
To this must be added expense of sealing up and 
labelling tlie cases, say 1 cent can 100 
1049 50 
The daily product of the factory, would be 10,000 pound-cans 
of sugared condensed or preserved milk, which, at 29 cents per 
can, amounts to 2900 dollars, leaving a balance of 1850 dollars 
50 cents above the expenses for the day's operation. But the milk 
now must be marketed, and this I shall treat in another place. 
The delivery of 5000 gallons crude milk per day would 
require the product of 1660 cows, allowing each to yield on an 
average three gallons of milk per day. 
If we estimate for a smaller number of cows, as within an easy 
reach of most factories in the dairy districts, the 2080 gallons 
would represent, say 660 cows. For this quantity the account 
would stand thus: — 
