American Milk-Condeminff Factories. 
141 
hellevpcl to be of doubtful expediency ; since it is always better 
to have the milk so clean, and in such good order, that these 
clarifying aids may be dispensed with. 
Under this latter plan butter factories have been successfully 
turned into condensing factories at small cost, since a copper 
vacuum-pan, 4 feet in diameter, with all the fixtures complete, 
may be had for 1500 dollars, and a single vacuum-pump of 
suitable size for the pan 800 dollars, or a duplex-pump 1000 
dollars, making for the pan and pump either 2300 dollars or 
2500 dollars (500?.) 
From the foregoing statistics it appears that 15 quarts of 
milk are required for 1 lb. of butter, while a pound of butter 
is made on an average from less than 2 quarts of cream. In 1871, 
the butter was marketed at 40 cents per lb., and the butter- 
milk at 1 cent per quart. There were 750 quarts of cream 
taken from the 6000 quarts of milk, which would leave 5250 
tjuarts skimmed, and this, deprived of 75 per cent, of water, 
makes 1312 quarts of plain condensed milk. 
Without taking any account of the butter-milk, the daily 
receipts may be very nearly estimated as follows : — 
dolls. 
400 lbs. butter at 40 cents per pound IfiQ-OO 
1312 qrts. condensed skimmed milk at 25 cents per quart .. 328-00 
Total .. 488-00 
Deduct cost of 80 galls, crude milk allowed for waste at| 
12 3 cents per gallon 
10-00 
{mi. 12s.) 478-00 
The daily expenses on the basis of former estimates would 
be as follows : — 
dolls. 
6000 qrts. of milk, or 1500 galls., at 12^ cents per gallon .. 187-50 
Daily working expenses of the factory 24-50 
(42/. es.) 212-00 
Leaving a daily balance of 266-00 dolls. (53Z. 4s.) above expenses. 
Perhaps it may be said that my estimate of factory buildings 
in the first instance (2500 dollars) is too low. This is a matter 
which cannot well be regulated here, but the other expenses it 
is believed are pretty near the mark, and will give sufficient 
data for determining the profits to be derived from the business. 
Providing one half of the skimmed milk be made into skimmed 
cheese, we should have as before : 
