142 American Milk- Condensing Factories. 
dom. 
400 lbs. of butter at 40 cents per pound 160 00 
656 qrts. of condensed milk at 25 cents per quart .. .. 164"00 
2625 qrts. of milk, or, say 5250 lbs., making 525 lbs. of skim 
cheese, at 10 cents per pound 52'50 
376-50 
Less 80 galls, for waste lO'OO 
366-50 
The daily expenses as before, 6000 qrts. milk 
at 3i cents per quart 187-50 
Working expenses of factory 24-50 
■ 212-00 
154-50 
Leaving a daily balance above expenses, when butter, cheese, 
and plain condensed milk are made, of 154 dollars, 50 cents 
(nearly 3H.). 
It will be seen that the profits from the business must vary 
considerably according to the character of the manufactured pro- 
duct ; and under the combined factory plan here described, great 
latitude is given to vary the manufacture of the milk into such 
products as may seem most advisable from time to time. 
It may also be observed that when milk is set for cream 
during eight to twelve hours only, and is then skimmed, the 
skimmed milk retains a considerable quantity of butter, and 
makes a rich tasting and highly palatable article of condensed 
milk ; since bv varying the quantity of water for the purpose of 
returning it to its original consistency, or by using less water, it 
can be made to assume the appearance of cream, while it contains 
more albuminous constituents, bulk for bulk, than the milk in 
which all the cream is retained. For invalids or those in deli- 
cate health the skimmed milk is on some accounts preferable, 
and is so recommended by physicians. 
Marketing. 
The question of markets and marketing is perhaps the most 
serious of any concerning this business. I have given the prices 
at which the different kinds of condensed milk are sold. But 
can these prices be maintained ? and is there a demand and a 
market for any considerable increase in these products? These 
are grave questions, and of serious importance to those who are 
proposing to embark upon condensed milk manufacture. 
So far prices have been maintained, and the Borden factories 
have met with abundant success. I do not hear of any complaint 
among consumers that prices are exorbitant, but, on the contrary. 
