144 
American MiUi-Condensinf/ Factories. 
of consumers at 24 cents (Is.), which is equivalent to crude milk 
at 6 cents (3rf.) per quart. But as the condensed milk is cleaner, 
purer, and will remain sweet and sound longer than the crude 
milk, the consumer realizes the boon long sought for in obtaining 
a cheap, nutritious, and healthful food. 
In the higher and more philanthropic aspect of life, the 
cheapening of food for the masses, and especially for the agri- 
cultural labourer and the poor, is a consideration not to be over- 
looked. 
Looking at this question of markets in all its relations, I 
should say that the safest plan to be adopted would be to establish 
combined factories, where the main business at first would be 
the manufacture of cheese or butter, or both, entering upon 
condensed milk gradually, and making no more than could be 
marketed in the nearest cities and surrounding towns. I have 
no doubt that in every country village where crude milk is 
peddled, plain condensed milk could be readily introduced ; and 
if a uniformly good article were furnished at reasonable rates, 
I am of the opinion that it would supplant in a great measure 
the crude milk. 
1 cannot tell how long it may take to introduce this form of 
milk into general consumption ; that must depend in a great 
degree uj)on the activity and energy with which it is placed 
before the public. People are wedded to old usages, and do not 
readily change unless urged or convinced of the advantages 
resulting from such change. But I am persuaded that the 
manufacture of condensed milk, like other practical methods for 
improving the comforts and healthfulness of mankind, must in the 
end be triumphant. City consumers have for years endured the 
bad milk brought to their doors as a necessary nuisance, from 
which there was no ready way of escape. The new method opens 
the remedy for this difficulty, and as people become acquainted 
with it, we may reasonably suppose that they will adopt it. 
Butter-Making at Milk-Condensing Factories. 
It will be seen from what I have said that butter-making 
will naturally be connected with the condensing process. In last 
year's volume of this Journal * I gave a pretty full account of 
the American butter- factory system ; but some improvements, 
brought out during the past year, have been found so useful, thiit 
they deserve a ])assing notice in connection with this paper. 
In butter-making, as in almost every other kind of work, 
labour is lessened, and the object accomplished with much more 
♦ S(>ii( M. vol. vii., p!u t 1. N(i. xiii., p. 1. 
