Management of Grass Land. 157 
A similar calculation applied to sheep shows that a self- 
sustaining flock will send to market 42 per cent, annually, if it 
be correct to assume that 100 ewes will produce 130 lambs, of 
which 32 ( = 25 per cent.) will be killed under one year old. 
It is also assumed that, apart from any specific attack of disease, 
5 per cent, per annum will represent the deaths. 
Sia^F-MAINTAINING FlOCK OF 100 EwES. 
Total Flock. \ 
Ewes 100 It is assumed that 100 ewes 
p,ams will produce 130 lambs, of which 
Lambs 130 32 ( = 25 per cent.) will be killed 
Shearlings 98 \ under 1 year old. 
[ To maintain the flock, 33 ewes 
330 and 1 ram must be supplied 
Deaths = 5 per cent 17 annually from the shearling sheep, 
thus reducing the shearlings avail- 
able for market from 98 to 64. 
313 j 
Available for the Butcher, 
Culled ewes and ram .. 34 
Lambs 32 
Shearlings 61: 
130 
Less deaths 5* 
125 
A flock of sheep numbering 313, of all ages, will thus send 
to market annually 125, = 40 per cent. 
In applying these figures to Table (B), some adjustment must 
be made to compensate for the great number of lambs killed 
before the time of taking the agricultural census in June. April, 
May, and June are the great lamb-consuming months in the 
large towns, whereas in the country the greatest number are sent 
to the butcher in June, July, and August. It will probably be 
fair to assume that half the number destined to be killed as 
lambs are slaughtered by the middle of June, when the official 
enumeration is made. In the calculation given above, the 
lambs slaughtered (32) are about 10 per cent, of the whole 
flock, and if half of these are omitted from the Government 
return it would require an addition of 5 per cent, to the number 
of sheep and lambs shown in Table (B), in order to make good 
the omission. This would have the same effect, so far as our 
calculation is concerned, as adding 2 per cent, to the numbers 
* There are fewer casualties among the fattening than among the breeding 
stock. 
