ICO 
Management of Grass Land. 
necessarily omitted from the June census. Roasting pigs are 
seldom more than a month old, so that eleven out of every twelve 
are born and die after one census day and before the next. 
Similarly, porkers whose average life does not exceed five 
months, would more than half of them be unrecorded, even 
if the consumption of pork were tolerably uniform through the 
year ; but, as the great pork-consuming months are November, 
December, January, February, and March, I cannot estimate 
the number omitted at less than f ths of the whole porker class. 
The pork-pigs are estimated above at 168 out of a herd of 
301, = 56 per cent,, and of this 56 per cent, f ths are omitted 
from the census ; 4 x 56 = 33. It will therefore be necessary 
to add 33 per cent, to the number of pigs in the Government 
return. It has been already shown that 87^ per cent, of our 
whole stock of pigs are slaughtered annually, and 87^ per cent, 
of the number of pigs in the Government return, with 33 per 
cent, added, is equivalent to rather more than 116 per cent, 
of the number as it originally stood. Hence it appears that the 
number of home-bred pigs annually slaughtered in the United 
Kingdom amounts to about one-sixth more than the whole 
number recorded in Table (B). 
Up to this point the calculation has been confined to deter- 
mining the numbers of the different kinds of home-bred live- 
stock annually slaughtered, and these have been fixed at 25 
per cent, for cattle, 42 per cent, for sheep, and 116 per cent, 
tor pigs, of the number given in Table (B). The next step 
must be to ascertain their respective weights. The average 
weight of home-bred cattle, of all ages, I fix at 600 lbs. per 
head. This is below the weight given me by the leading sales- 
men, but I am disposed to think that the great dealers who are 
more conversant with prime animals than with inferior stock, do 
not attach sufiicient importance to the effect the light weights 
have in pulling down the average, and the railway returns 
confirm me in this view. I shall therefore proceed on the 
assumption that the average dead weight of cattle of all ages is 
600 lbs. 
The average weight of sheep I fix at 72 lbs. per head, and of 
lambs at 24 lbs. per head. It will be seen by the figures relating 
to a self-sustaining flock of sheep that there were 98 sheep sent 
to market for every 32 lambs : 98 at 72 lbs. each, and 32 at 
24 lbs. each, give an average of 60 lbs. for the whole. The 
average weight, therefore, of the sheep and lambs slaughtered 
will be taken at 60 lbs. each. 
The average weight of bacon-pigs I estimate at 250 lbs. each 
For many of the northern counties this will be below the mark. 
The large breed is in high favour among the artisans in the 
