274 
Report on Swedish Butter Factories. 
at first received some gallons of new milk, and afterwards as 
much skim-milk as they would take, until about two months 
old, when they have been sold at a price equal to about dd. 
per lb. live-weight, or a little less than calves fattened with new 
milk. The skim-milk has thus realized 2 3d. to 3'bd. per gallon, 
in some cases 4c?. per gallon. It has been remarked, that the 
colour of the veal has been somewhat darker than that of calves 
fattened with new milk ; but this is pretty well prevented by 
giving the calves new milk for two weeks immediately before 
slaughtering them. Even if the veal of calves fattened with 
skimmed milk is inferior to that of new-milk calves, both to 
appearance and taste, the former mode of fattening them is, at all 
events, much less expensive than the latter, and leaves a more 
profitable return. In breeding cattle for dairy purposes, the 
above-named inconveniences are of no consequence ; and many 
farmers, even in the vicinity of Stockholm, where cattle-rearing 
formerly did not pay, have adopted this cheaper way. Another 
reason is, that higher prices are now obtained for cattle, partly 
in consequence of the increased export to foreign countries of 
late years, and partly owing to the larger return from the cattle, 
since the butter-factory companies have rendered it possible for 
the farmer to produce and sell, advantageously, milk in any 
quantities. 
Yet another way of utilizing some part of the skim-milk more 
favourably than by cheese-making is to give the servants who 
are entitled to new milk, twice, or even three times the amount 
of skimmed milk. This exchange is as profitable to the farmer 
as to the servants, as the former retains the more valuable cream 
and the latter receives a larger quantity of a nourishing drink. 
The price paid for new milk by the purchasers who have 
delivered cream to the Company, has varied between S'dd. to 
A'Sd. per gallon during the summer half-year, and A'3d. to bd. 
per gallon during winter, according to local circumstances. 
4: 3d. may be considered as the average price at which the milk 
has been delivered at the place of production, or at stations 
situated not far from it. Where the cream has been delivered 
direct to the butter factories, the price which the milk has 
brought has depended upon the price paid by the companies for 
the cream (according to the quantity of butter it has yielded), 
and the way in which the skim-milk has been utilized, varying 
between A Gd. and 6-9J. per gallon, 
T/ie purchase and working of the Cream. — When the Malar-Lake 
Butter factory Company began its operations, Oct. 1st, 1870, it 
took charge of a butter factory which had been in existence for 
some time. The intention of the Company was to establish 
butter factories in the provinces situated round Lake " Miilaren " 
