424 Report on the Trials of Implements at Cardiff. 
the fans up the wind-case (I) ; this blast carries the chaff, awns, and any 
remaining white coats back under the drum concave and on to the caving- 
riddle. The corn passes down the spout {j) into the rotary Rainforth's screen 
(J), which makes 40 revolutions per minute, and delivers the grain through 
spouts as best corn, seconds, and thirds. When the condition of the corn 
renders it undesirable to pass it through the second dressing-apparatus, the 
machine can be used as a single-blast machine by letting the corn, as soon as 
it is raised by the elevators, fall through a trap-door to the sack-spouts, instead 
of passing through the smutter and second dressing-machine. The frame of 
this machine is of oak, and the boarding over the top is continued as I'ar as 
the outer end of the shakers. All the working parts, including the elevator, 
being fixed within the frame, are protected from the weather and from injury 
in travellinrr. A contrivance, peculiar to the machines shown by this firm, 
may be noticed in the shallow grooves turned upon the surface of the friction- 
pulleys. These grooves are two spiral threads starting from the flanges and 
meeting in the centre of the pulley. They have the effect of keeping the belt 
in the middle of the pulley. In all respects this is a well-constructed machine, 
but we should consider the addition of clear indices of the feeding spaces 
round the drum a very desirable improvement. Fig. 8 (p. 423) is an end eleva- 
tion of this machine, in which the parts already named are marked with the 
same letters. A box for tools is shown at L. 
4943. Clayton and Shuttleworth. — This machine has three belts on the left 
side, one of them from the drum-shaft increasing the strain from the eugine-belt ; 
and four belts on the right, the two driven from the drum-shaft balancing each 
other. The drum-spindle is of steel, 1|- inch in diameter, and is sup^jorted by 
an iron bracket, which gives a second bearing outside the rigger for the engine 
driving-belt. In spite of this double bearing, the great strain upon a shaft of 
such small diameter caused the outer bearing to run hot in the first trial. The 
general arrangement is similar to that of Marshall's machine, except that the 
corn-elevator is placed outside instead of inside the frame, and the second fan 
is not placed on the same shaft as the first fan under the frame, but is carried 
on the further end of the hummeller-shaft close to the sieve-frame of the 
second dresser. The second sieve-frame is moved without extra gearing by 
simply attaching it to the two sides of the caving riddle frame, which are pro- 
longed for this purpose. 
In this and in some other machines the two operations of hummelling, i.e. 
of removing the awns from barley, and of removing white coats and cleaning the 
grain by rubbing, are not performed in one apparatus ; but the grain is first 
passed through the hummeller, a small cyUnder in which revolves a shaft set 
with knives arranged so as to drive the corn forward while the awns are cat 
or chopped off ; it then enters the white-coater, a cylinder of larger diameter, in 
which revolving beaters rub it against the outer case. A single revolving 
shaft carries an archimedian screw, the hummeller, the white-coater, and the 
second set of fans. The ofiice of the archimedian screw is to receive the grain 
as it falls from the cup-elevators and pass it on to the hummeller. ^ 
The straw-shakers are carried on a single crank-shaft placed under the 
middle of their length. The outer ends of two of the shaker-boxes are on 
rocking links, their inner ends being free. The other three boxes are free at 
their outer ends, but their inner ends are held by a cross-bar, extending across 
the machine, and carried by two links. The bearings of the drum-spindle rest 
upon an iron casting. The caving-riddle is one of Humphrius's patent. 
Gray's Patent Rolled Steel Beater Plates arc fastened by bolts to the wooden 
bars of the drum. These plates combine the hardness and durability of steel 
with the toughness of the malleable cast-iron plates previously used. Messrs. 
Clayton and Shuttleworth were the first to introduce a machine to finish grain 
for^market, and they exhibited one at Lewes in 1852, before a prize had been 
