514 Kidd V. Royal Agricultural S.ocietij of Enyland. 
linseed cake perhaps does not contain more tlian from two to tliree per cent, of 
seed admixtures. 
Q. Is that linseed you are now speaking of the linseed as it comes from the 
Black Sea, or had it undergone any process of screening or sifting? — A. h 
usually has to undergo the process of screening or sifting. 
Q. Where is that performed ? — A. It is performed in England. 
Q. By -whom — by what class of merchants — who is the person ? — A. By 
the manufacturer of pure linseed-cake. 
Q. By the crusher ? — A. By the crusher. 
Q. And what do the screenings and the siftings consist of? — A. The screen- 
ings or siftings consist of a variety of small weed seeds. I have counted as 
many as 29 to 30 that I could identify ; then you find in the siftings more or 
less dirt and accidental impurities of that kind, but they chiefly consist of a 
variety of weed seeds. 
Q. Among the seeds that are so found in the linseed, will you give me the 
names of those which you find in them generally — some few — Chenopodium^. 
what is that.? — A. That is the scientific name for spinach — perfectly harmless j 
seeds, and there are a good many other harmless seeds amongst the small weed* 
seeds ; but there are also others which are decidedly injurious, for instance, the^ 
black mustard or wild mustard, charlock or ketlock, as it is called in son 
parts of England — it is a pungent seed. 
Q. Any other? — A. Then there is the Lolium temulentum or drunk' 
darnel, that is reputed to be a poisonous seed ; and there is the corn-cockle. 
Q. There are seeds of that kind which contain injurious properties? — A. Th 
purging flax, and the flax dodder which is of a doubtful character. 
Q. You have examined dirty linseed — what percentages have you found o{ 
these wild seeds in them ? — A. In commercial samples the percentages va 
from 5 to 70. I have examined some samples of " genuine linseed " which h 
only 30 per cent, of linseed in them, but that is a bad or third quality. Usuall 
you do not firnd perhaps more than 20 or 25 that would be perhaps called a fa' 
samjile of genuine linseed. 
Q. Now tell me as a Chemist, are you able, on looking at cake or analysi 
it, to say whether it will produce injurious efl'ects ? — A. No, I could not sa; 
as a Chemist. 
Q. Chemical science docs not enable you to say that? — A. No, it is impos- 
sible to do that. It is only by the effects that the injurious properties of thest 
impurities manifest themselves : but I know as a fact that cakes made of thi 
siftings have caused the death of animals in several instances that have beer 
brought under my notice. Indeed the cakes were sent to me for examinatioi 
and I could not find anything else but the siftings — it was a complete sifting 
cake. They were what is technically called " siftings cakes " and all HuJ 
crushers will know what "siftings cake" means. 
Q. The examination of this chemically would not enable you to say any 
thing, but only the effects which they produce ? — A. Only the elfccts whicl 
they produce. That is to say, I could identify some of thc§e poisonous 
injurious seeds, but I could not identify the poison in them. 
Q. You received a sample from Mr. Wells ? — A. Yes, the sample in tha 
bag. 
Q. Before I come to that perhaps I ought to ask this : Have you ha 
experience in reference to mouldy seeds or mouldy cakes that have Ixicn groun 
up to mix with other cakes ? — A. Oh, yes, I had a case only last week. 
Q. Tell me, what was the effect of that grind ing-up and mixing mould, 
cake with another cake? — A. Mouldy cake in many instances produces serioi 
injury to the stock. It produces just the same effect upon animals as mould , 
bread or bread kept in a damp cellar or ill-ventilated jjantry will h^ve on tl: 
human subject, very poisonous. I do not mean to say that a superficial sligl 
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