536 Kidd V. Royal Agricultural Society of England. 
Q. Speaking as a veterinary surgeon, wbat did you come to the conclusion 
was the matter ? — A. Well, I considered they had had something to disarrange 
the stomach. Something that had not agreed with the animals. 
Q. In your opinion could a feed of 7 lbs. of good linseed-cake have produced 
the effect you found ? — A. No. 
Q. You heard the mode in which they were fed. Was there anything in 
the mode in which they were fed, apart from the quality of the cake which was 
given them, which could have produced what you saw, in your opinion ? — 
A. No. 
Q. You have heard the mode described in which the mangold wurzel was 
given to the cows. Was there anything either in the giving of the mangold 
wurzel, either in the manner or in the mangold wurzel itself, which in your 
opinion could produce what you found ? — A. No. 
Cross-examined hy Mr. Seymoue. 
Q. You found the beasts that you saw suffering more or less from distension 
and appearing distressed? — A. Yes. 
Q. Were those the symptoms of what is known in veterinary surgery as 
hoven or tympanitis ? I believe it is known by both names, but it is also 
spoken of as acute tympanitis ? — A. It is. 
Q. I believe the words are exchangeable — the one means the other?— 
A. Yes. 
Q. And would that properly describe what you saw ? — A. Yes. 
Q. Is not hoven very frequently produced by animals eating a very hearty 
meal of clover or potatoes, or anything else that they may choose to fancy ?— 
A. Not at that time of year. 
Q. Not at that time of year? — A. Dry clover is not like green clover. 
Q. I was only giving you a number of causes. Have you not known in 
your experience animals who have suffered tympanitis, or hoven, the cause 
being their eating over heartily of various foods ; either turnips, or potatoes, 
or other food ? — A. You may have a single case, but you will never have a 
lot like this. 
Q. And a single case resulting in death ? — A. Very rarely. 
Q. Does not tympanitis, if untreated, generally result in death, if there is 
no remedy applied, either by an instrument or by medicine? — A. Yes, it 
will do. 
Q. Are not animals who are being fed — who are taken in from grass, andl 
being stall fed — more liable to hoven, or tympanitis, than animals that are at 
grass? — A. They are not so much subject to it as if they were on green 
clover. 
Q, But I ask you whether animals that are being stall fed, and artificially 
fed for fattening, are not more subject to the disarrangement that ends in 
hoven, or tympanitis, than if they were out in the fields ? — A. No. 
Q. Is not a sudden change of food a very frequent cause of hoven.?— 
A. Well, I have known it in single cases. s 
Q. Suppose that they have been on turnips and clover for ten days, and 
not upon cake, and then they get cake ? — A. I do not believe that would) 
cause it. 
Q. Have you ever read a book called ' White's Cattle Medicine,' edited bj 
W. C. Spooner, veterinary surgeon.? — A. I have read it, but it is some 
time since. 
Q. Does hoven consist in the sudden disengagement of gas in the rumeni 
distending the stomach, pressing it against the diaphragm, and thus causing it 
to become a mechanical means of suffocation ? — A. It does. 
Q. " Its causes are numerous and varied, and it is of frequent occurrence it 
