Kidd V. Royal Atjricultural Society of England. 639 
friend intends to make upon that, because lie carefully confined his opening 
within the narrowest possible limits. He gave no clue to me at all of what 
his case was going to be. He declined putting the Plaintiff into the box 
then, and he has left me to address you to-day without his ever venturing to 
presign what his charge against the Society is ; but covertly, at the last 
moment, he refers to letters without giving me any idea at all of what obser- 
vation he intends to found upon them. But I care not for it, because the 
letters sp^ak for themselves. You are men of business, and you will assess 
and measure any comments my friend may please to make upon the cor- 
respondence in that matter at their right value. 
Now, that being so, let us come more closely to the facts of the case, and 
no doubt the question you will have to consider bears upon the question of 
the matmfacture of the linseed-cake, and indirectly the substantial question 
is. Do the Society prove what they have asserted of Mr. Kidd in this Eeport? 
Now let us see what is the general nature of the case — -the admitted grounds 
if you like — on both sides. Linseed is an article which, taking a great deal 
from the land, is valuable as giving back to the oxen and to the land those 
products it has taken from it. It is an article of commerce, the first use of 
which is the expression of tlie oil from it, which is used for various commer- 
cial purposes ; and the expression of that oil in its natural and legitimate 
course, leaving behind it the solid part of the seed, foims from its farinaceous 
property, and from a certain quantity of oil which may remain, a residuum 
which is a valuable. feeding substance for animals. And it is well known to 
everybody, and to Mr. Wells, so far as his knowledge is important in this 
case, that there are two classes of cakes, the use of which, and the dealing 
with which is perfectly legitimate. The linseed growing abroad, there grows 
with it a variety of things which are not linseed — seeds, and weeds, and other 
thinc;s of that sort; and assuming the most honest exportation from the 
Black Sea, St. Petersburg, or India of the commercial ))roduct known as 
linseed, there will still be mixed with it a certain number of these seeds. On 
arrival in England two courses may be adopted with it. I believe in the 
first instance the linseed, such as it was after the oil was expressed from it 
— the residue of it — was formed into cake, but the manufacturers of linseed 
afterwards undertook a further operation — namely, the screening from the 
linseed, as it comes into this country, of a considerable quantity of the seeds 
that are mixed with it, and thus to make a cake out of what was left. 1 hat 
was of course a perfectly legitimate operation, and of course it would be per- 
fectly understood that those who wish to have a linseed-cake upon which that 
labour and skill had been expended, would have to pay a higher price for 
it. Therefore between what may be called " genuine " cake and what is called 
" pure " cake, there is a well-known distinction, understood by everybody, and 
perfectly legitimate, and there is no false assertion or njisrepresentation with 
reference to the one or the other. The one is called by its proper name 
" genuine," it being a genuine thing, inasmuch as it is the very thing which 
comes from the Black Sea and St. Petersburg or Calcutta into this country ; 
the other called " pure," inasmuch in this country it has undergone the pro- 
cess of taking away these small seeds which are injurious in themselves, or 
do not yield a proper quantity of oil or nutritious matter. Therefore you 
have at once two legitimate things which are fair objects of commerce. 
Gentlemen, with regard to the merchants and cake-dealers of Hull or else- 
where, who are desirous of selling an article which shall consist, not of that 
thing, but of bran, or sesame, or nut-cake, or earth-nut, or anything of the 
kind, do not understand me for a moment as doubting or disputing their 
perfect right to do so. They have as much right to sell anything of that 
kind, as anyone has to sell any other article of manufacture, provided only they 
will tell the people with whom they are dealing what it is they are selling, 
