Kidd V. Royal Agricultural Society of England. 683 
cakes, was a genuine linseed-cake, and not a mixed or compound 
one. I am aware that it is well established and known in the 
Hull cake-trade that the term linseed-cake, as used in the trade, 
does not, and is not intended to, describe merely cakes made of 
linseed, but that it comprises as well cakes made of the several 
admixtures used by the Hull seed-crushers. I am also aware 
that the words * genuine linseed-cake ' and ' pure linseed-cake ' 
are the only two terms used by the trade as descriptive of cakes 
made of linseed without any admixture by the crusher, the 
former being made of linseed as imported with its natural 
impurities, and the latter, as far as practicable, without. So 
long as the term linseed-cake was used, as it originally was, to 
express mere residuum of the seed after the linseed oil had been 
expressed, it was comparatively of little importance what other 
ingredients the cake contained, but when the cake became an 
equally important article of commerce as the oil, as it now has, 
the term applied to such cake becomes a matter of importance, 
and I venture to suggest that the time has arrived when you, as 
large dealers of cake, may, and indeed, under the circumstances, 
ought to bring the whole matter, in conjunction with Mr. Kidd, 
if he will join you, and without him if he will not, before a 
meeting of the crushers and dealers for their information and 
deliberation, and if you agree with me, I would suggest that you 
Ijring forward a proposition that in future no cakes, other than 
those now known as genuine and pure linseed-cakes, shall be 
sold or described as linseed-cakes, and that all mixed or com- 
pound cakes shall be sold as such, and be known by the par- 
ticular brands which each crusher may adopt. — Yours truly, 
(Signed) " F. F. Ayre." 
The Chairman said that, after receiving this letter, his firm 
and Mr. Kidd issued circulars to the crushers and cake-dealers, 
calling special attention to the ruling of Mr. Justice Blackburn, 
as mentioned in the letter. Although his (the Chairman's) firm 
had sold the cakes mentioned in the trial to Mr. Wells as mixed 
cakes, and had bought them from Mr. Kidd, the crusher, as such, 
which was in perfect accord with the custom of the trade, yet 
Mr. Justice Blackburn ruled that the calling any cakes linseed- 
cakes except those made from linseed, either screened or as 
imported, was a commercial fraud, and therefore that any one 
selling composite-cakes as linseed-cakes would not be fulfilling 
his contract. Under these circumstances, he (the Chairman) 
considered it incumbent upon the cake-trade to at once place 
the matter on a proper footing, and to declare that in future the 
trade will not call any other cakes linseed-cakes except those 
already described as pure and genuine. He thought the present 
