Jersey y Guernsey, Aldemey, and Sarli. 
39 
granite trough, into which runs a stone wheel ; this wheel is 
connected by an axle to a pillar, which stands upright from the 
ceiling to the centre of the ring, and turns round as it is moved. 
The apples are thrown into the trough, and thus crushed into 
pulp. In some farms mills are used, as in England. The 
press for squeezing the pulp consists of a frame, about six feet 
square and nine inches deep, that rests upon a beam, through 
each end of which runs a large wooden screw. The screws are 
fixed perpendicularly, and are connected with a beam above the 
frame similar to that beneath it. The pulp is put up in layers, 
each being divided either by a horsehair cloth or a thin coating 
of corn-reed, and when done, bv turning the screws the upper 
beam is lowered upon the pulp, by which means the cider is 
drawn ; pressure is applied until nothing remains but the dry 
cheese. Other presses of more modern date have only one screw 
— a fixture — which acts upon the centre of the upper beam ; 
these screws are generally of iron, and are more effective than 
the others. If much cider be made, inimediatelv above the press- 
house is a chamber, into which the apples are stored till they 
become ready for use. There are no means of ascertaining the 
actual quantity of cider made on the island ; but it must be 
large, as it is the principal beverage of the middle and lower 
classes. Some farmers are not sufficiently particular in assorting 
their fruit, but allow a mixture of different kinds, so that ripe 
and unripe meet in the mill or trough — the result is, of course, 
an inferior article ; there are others who pay proper attention 
to cider-making, and produce it excellent. 
The apples commonly grown for making cider are known in 
Jersey as ?Voir Binet, Petit Jean, Limon, Bretagne, de France, 
Romeril, Frais Chien, Amer, Pepin Jacob, Carre, with many 
other varieties. The entry of foreign cider into the island is for- 
bidden bv law. 
In closing the description of the farm-offices we will men- 
tion the cart-sheds, which are used for general purposes, and 
sufficiently spacious and lofty to shelter ihe largest loads. There 
are also other rooms, such as store-rooms, but there is nothing 
peculiar in them. 
We shall now turn our attention to the cultivation and 
cropping, and shall commence our operations with January, fol- 
lowing the year through its different seasons. The commence- 
ment of a new year signals the preparation of wheat-land and 
sowing. True it is that some sow their wheat a week or ten 
days before Christmas, but the general month is January ; it 
should never be sown later than the 14th. There is an old 
superstitious custom observed by many with regard to the exact 
time of sowing wheat : it is when the moon is in its third or 
