Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sarh. 43 
dressed with it : another top-dressing applied to grass is the 
liquid manure from the tank. Some years ago no attention was 
paid to this important manure, but of late, since the Agricultural 
Society has made known its richness, it is universally saved and 
applied to grass-land. 
In April mangold-wurtzel is sown. The land is prepared 
and manured in the same way as for potatoes ; sometimes sea- 
weed is added. The seed is distributed in drills — from 24 to 
30 inches apart and 3 inches deep, and generally thick enough 
to admit of more than one-half of the young plants being removed 
or destroyed when hoed. The first hoeing takes place as soon as 
the rows are visible, the second when the plants are sufficiently 
strong to admit of thinning ; and if in some places the seed has 
failed, some are transplanted to fill the vacancies ; for the third 
time they are cleaned of weeds, when the plants have attained 
the size of carrots. The under leaves of mangolds are frequently 
given to pigs during the summer ; some persons object to these 
being removed, on the ground that it injures the plant, but the 
detriment sustained, if any, is more than compensated by the 
benefit which swine derive therefrom. The })roduce of man- 
gold averages from 40 to 50 tons per acre. To give an example 
of its enormous produce I shall quote a paragraph which I had 
occasion to notice in the last year's Report of the Royal Jersey 
Agricultural Society. 
" It is observable that the produce of the turnip crop has been gradually 
diminishing during the last five or six years, whilst that of mangolds has been 
increasing ; whether this has arisen from improper culture, or unfavourable 
seasons, does not appear clear ; that the latter root is more to be depended ujon 
is evident from the fact of its increased produce in dry as well as in wet 
seasons ; last year, for instance, has been dry, and notwithstanding the weight 
per verge'e has not diminished. In St. Peter's, Captain Balleine produced the 
enormous quantity of 32 tons to the vergee, free from tops, being upwards of 
70 tons per acre, in a field directly adjoining the marsh in that parish ; and he 
asserts that, if the adjoining piece of land in the marsh had been similarly cul- 
tivated, it would have produced a similar result. This produce, estimated at 
15s. per ton, is upwards of bOl. per acre, or 24Z. per verge'e. This he obtained 
by breaking up an old pasture, carting to it 15 loads of old bank soil per vergee, 
and manuring with fresh stable dung." 
The long red and the yellow globe mangolds are both culti- 
vated ; in some instances the globes have been known to produce 
a heavier crop than the long red, but that is unusual ; the latter 
are in almost all cases the most productive in weight. 
Carrots do not occupy so large a space in the root crops as parsnips 
or mangolds, but they are deservedly prized by many. In the 
outline given at page 36 of the rotations followed, carrots are placed 
to succeed turnips ; sometimes also they follow wheat, i.e. when the 
wheat has been sown after turnips, and no clover-seed added. In 
botli cases the sowing takes place at the end of April ; the seed is 
