170 
Influence of Climate on Cultivation. 
effects of temperature, humidity, and manuring, of which we have 
endeavoured to trace the separate influence in the case of the 
wheat crop. The climate of the eastern counties exhibits a far 
greater superiority over other parts of the island for the growth 
of barley than for wheat. The Scotch farmer may often grow as 
fine quality of wheat as the English, but, unless in a few localities, 
the inferiority of the barley is very manifest. 
Wheat, too, when sown either in autumn or in spring, will 
bear an amount of forcing in moist climates, under which barley 
in the same circumstances will fall down and yield a poor return. 
On all the secondary climates in Scotland, where the soil is 
suitable, wheat is invariably substituted for barley as the treat- 
ment with respect to manuring becomes liberal ; for it must con- 
stantly be borne in mind that, unless from local circumstances 
the farmer in a moist climate can advantageously sell a portion 
of the green crop off his farm to remunerate him for a liberal 
expenditure of manure, he cannot expect a remuneration from 
increasing the produce of oats or barley: even at best, the 
partial substitution of wheat for barley must be carefully gone 
about. In moist climates, instead of farmers growing a large 
breadth of green crops, it is more generally the practice to 
grow white crops in succession, as they can be raised with less 
expenditure of manure. 
Thus Mr. Garnet, in his ' Report on the Farming of Lan- 
cashire,' says, in regard to one district of the county : — " The 
rotation of crops which is now adopted with success in working 
and restoring the land is a five course, as follows : — 1. Oats. 2. 
Oats. 3. Green crops manured, turnips or potatoes. 4. Oats or 
barley with seeds. 5. Seeds fin- hay or pasture." Mr Tanner, 
' On the Farming of Devonshire,' remarks : — " The rotation of 
crops adopted in this country is known as ' the old Devon 
course,' or turnips, wheat, barley, oats, seeds, two to six or more 
years." Mr. Read, ' On the Farming of South Wales,' states : — 
" Experience has proved tliat, on the better lands, barley, after a 
drawn crop of turnips, will frequently lodge. Even Mr. Morgan, 
in his prize essay on the 'Cropping of Pembroke,' admits, 
' barley on some soils is not a safe crop after turnips.' Although 
the following course cannot be defended on the principles upon 
which tlie rotation of crops are founded, yet it is practically found 
to be one best suited to the good land of this district : — 1. Turnips. 
2. AViieat, 3. Clover. 4. Wheat. 5. Barley. To give a few 
specimens of the rotations pursued in Ireland when Arthur 
Young made his tour through the country, would only show still 
more strikingly tlie facility with which a succession of white 
crops can be taken in moist climates, and the general neglect of 
turnip cultivation." 
Barley, like every other crop, the later it is sown in spring, the 
